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ADDRKSS 


Lieut,  licnl  JUBAL  A.  EARLY 


FIRST  ANXtTAI.  MKETINd 


I  III 


Association  of  the  Maryland  Line, 


PROCEEDINGS  AT  THE  THIRD  ANNUAL  BANQUET 


OF  THE  AW  AND  JIAV?  OF  THE  COVFEDE&ATE  STATES, 


£47 


t 


A \M\I     MKETIXG   OF  THK    ASSOCIATION   OF   THK 
MVKNI  \M.    LINE.  AT   THK    At  ADF.MY  OF  Mrsic.  BALTIMORE 

i    \  k  \    j  ?    : 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  by  Maj.  Gen'l  I.  R.  Trimble, 
the  senior  Governor  of  the  Association,  who  introduced  General 
Bradley  T.  Johnson,  the  President,  who  he  said  would  bring  to 
their  attention  matters  of  deep  interest  to  all  Marylanders  and  to 
which  he  invoked  their  serious  consideration. 

General  Johnson  said : 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen  :  We  welcome  you  with  pleasure  to  this 
first  annual  meeting  of  the  Association  of  the  Maryland  Line,  and 
we  thank  you  for  the  cordial  greeting  you  have  given  us.  We 
have  organized  ourselves  for  the  purj>ose  of  collecting  materials 
for  the  history  of  the  battles  and  the  bivouacs,  the  marches  and 
the  campaigns  of  Maryland  men  in  the  Confederate  Army,  and 
of  trying  to  make  some  provision  for  our  infirm,  disabled  and 
broken  comrades,  disabled  by  wounds  or  broken  by  the  hard 
ships  of  fortune  and  of  time.  We  have  succeeded  greatly  in  the 
first  object  of  our  endeavors,  for  we  have  collected  copies  of  the 
muster  rolls  of  every  Regiment.  Battalion  and  Battery,  and  art- 
engaged  in  gathering  those  of  Maryland  companies  which  served 
in  South  Carolina  and  Virginia  regiments.  Our  record  is  approach 
ing  completion. 

The  pious  lalxjr  ol  caring  lor  our  comrades  still  presses  us.  As 
the  march  lengthens,  more  and  more  of  them  fall  out  of  ranks. 
We  have  neither  pensions  or  bounties  to  hope  for,  nor  to  rely  on. 
Maryland  has  given  ten  millions  in  bounties  to  soldiers  who 
enlisted  in  Maryland  regiments  on  the  Union  side,  and  the  L'nion 
has  bestowed  two  hundred  millions  in  pensions  for  its  defenders. 
We  can  only  look  to  ourselves,  and  to  that  kind-hearted  sympathy 
and  love,  which  in  Maryland  has  never  failed  the  unfortunate. 
We  hope  in  time  to  found  a  home  in  which  old  and  infirm  Con 
federate  soldiers  may  Ix-  tenderly  and  respectfully  sheltered,  and 
that  their  old  age  and  honorable  scars  may  be  spared  at  least  the 

M189324 


pYiblic  poorhousV.' *  We  ask  alms  from  no  OIK-  ;  we  U^  no  (.bolus 
tor  Kelisarius.  \Ve  do  desire  the  aid  of  s\  mpathi/inii  hearts  and 
^enerous  hands.  \\V  will  t'niitiniu-  mir  efforts  with  faith  in  our 
success.  After  this  brief  e\planati«»n  of  the  objects  of  our  orjran- 
ixation,  I  perform  a  duty  incumbent  on  me.  which  IN  alike  a  pleas 
ure  and  an  honor,  of  introducing  to  you  a  soldier  whose  genius 
and  courage  have  won  for  him  an  illustrious  place  in  the  annals  of 
the  art  of  war,  and  his  devotion,  sincerity  and  patriotism  the 
innermost  one  in  the  hearts  of  his  countrymen.  1  introduce  to 
you  Lieut,  (ien.  Jubal  A.  Marly,  late  commander  o|  the  second 
corps  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia. 


Mi:.  FKIMM  \i    \\i-  <  ,i  NTI.FMI  N  •>!    i  HK  MARYLAND  LINE; 

MY  1  tK  ADES  OF  THE  AkMV  AND  NAVY  OF  THE 

-  i  \  i  ES  ;  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  :- 

\Vln-n  I  ri.nxrnu-d  t<>  deliver  an  address  before  this  Association, 
and  M -K  ,  t« -d  tin-  Mil.jrrt  of  that  address,  I  had  no  thought  that  the 
campaign  « »t  August,  1862,  in  Northern  Virginia,  would,  in  any 
way,  be  involved  in  any  question  or  discussion  that  might  arise  in 
Congress, 'during  its  present  session.  It  was,  therefore,  with  no 
reference  whatever  to  the  questions  which  have  arisen  before  that 
body  that  I  selected  my  subject.  I  have  long  thought  the  cam 
paign  I  refer  to  was  not  fully  appreciated,  even  by  many  Confed 
erate  officers  who  participated  in  it ;  and  I  know  that  some  have 
entertained  very  erroneous  views  and  made  very  inaccurate  state 
ments  in  regard  to  it 

It  was  my  fortune  to  bear  a  more  active  part  in  that  campaign, 
from  its  beginning  to  its  close,  than  any  officer,  now  surviving, 
who  was  engaged  in  it  on  our  side ;  and  I  think  I  know  more  in 
respect  to  its  operations,  especially  those  conducted  by  him  whose 
command  bore  the  most  conspicuous  part,  than  any  man  now  liv 
ing.  Hence  it  was  that  I  selected  that  campaign  as  the  subject  of 
my  address ;  and  I  bespeak  your  indulgence  while  I  attempt  to 
describe  it  to  you.  As  a  matter  of  necessity,'  I  shall  be  compelled 
to  omit,  or  notice  very  briefly,  many  interesting  events,  by  reason 
of  the  limited  time  and  space  which  I  feel  warranted  in  devoting  to 
the  subject  on  this  ocaisjon. 

Campaign  against  fope  in  ^tigugt,  1862. 

The  operations  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  under  Gen 
eral  Lee,  at  the  close  of  June  and  beginning  of  July,  1862,  against 
the  forces  under  McClellan,  generally  known  as  the  "Seven  days' 
Battles,"  had  resulted  in  relieving  Richmond  of  the  siege  threaten 
ing  that  City,  and  forced  McClellan  to  take  refuge  at  his  "new  base" 
on  James  River,  where  it  was  impracticable  to  attack  him  except  at 
great  disadvantage.  The  Army  then  returned  to  the  vicinity  of 
Richmond,  for  the  purpose  of  repose  after  its  arduous  and  harrass- 
ing  struggle,  and  to  be  convenient  to  the  needed  supplies. 


A  now  commander.  Major  general  John  Pope,  had  now  appeared 
in  Northern  Virginia,  Hast  of  the  Blue  Ridge  and  North  of  the 
Rapidan,  at  the  head  <»f  an  army  styled  the  "Army  of  Virginia." 
and  composed  of  the  corps  of  McDowell,  Hanks,  and  Fremont — 
the  latter  then  commanded  by  Sigel. 

General  Pope,  on  assuming  his  new  command,  had  gone  to  it  on 
a  train  decked  with  banners  and  living  streamers,  and  had  issued  a 
bombastic  and  vain-glorious  address  to  his  troops,  in  which  he  said  : 
('l  have  come  to  you  from  the  West,  where  we  have-  always  seen 
the  backs  of  our  enemies  from  an  army  u  hose  business  it  has  been 
to  seek  the  adversary  and  beat  him  when  found— whose  policy- 
has  been  attack,  not  defence.  1  presume  I  have  been 
called  here  to  pursue  the  same  system,  and  to  lead  you  against  the 
enemy." 

He  said  further  to  his  troops:  "1  desire  you  to  dismiss  from 
vour  minds  certain  phrases  which  1  am  sorry  to  find  much  in 
vogue  among  you.  I  hear  constantly  ol  taking  .strong  positions 
and  holding  them  --of  lines  ol  retreat  and  basis  ot  supplies.  Let 
us  discard  such  ideas.  The  strongest  position  \\hich  a  soldier 
should  desire  to  occupy  is  the  one  li'om  which  he  can  most 
easily  advance  upon  the  en«-my.  I  .et  us  study  the  probable 
lines  of  retreat  ot  our  opponents,  and  leave  our  own  to  take 
can-  ot  themselves.  Let  us  look  bciore  and  not  behind.  Suc 
cess  and  gloryare  in  the  advance.  Disaster  and  shame  lurk  in 
the-  rear." 

He  also  proclaimed  that  his  '  head-<juarters  would  be  in  the 
saddle." 

He  subsequently  issued  an  ord< •: .  in  \\hich  he  directed  that  his 
troops  should  subsist  upon  the  i  onntry  in  which  their  operations 
were  carried  on;  and  t\\o  others  ot  a  more  barbarous  character, 
whose  atrocities  it  is  needless  to  specify,  lie  was  certainly  pro 
ducing  a  great  commotion  in  the  poultry  yards  ot"  the  worthy  ma 
trons  ot  that  region,  whose  husbands  or  sons  were  absent  in  the 
service  ot  their  state  and  country,  when  General  Lee  sent  Stone 
wall  Jackson  to  look  after  this  redoubtable  warrior. 

General  Jackson's  command,  at  that  time,  '-onsisted  of  his  own 
division  ot"  tour  brigades,  Lawton's,  Winder's.  Taliaterro's,  and 


I    R    I'  'i  ,-H's  division  of  three  brigades.  Trimble's,  Hays's, 

and  my  own.  and  twelve  batteries  of  artillery  of  about  four  guns 
each. 

Division,  which  was  in  the  advance,  reached  Gordonsville 
about  the  middle  of  July.  Jackson's  division  soon  followed,  and 
General  Jackson  himself  arrived  on  the  191!!.  Robertson's  brigade 
of  cavalry,  of  four  regiments,  and  Captain  Elijah  White's  indepen 
dent  company  of  cavalry,  reached  the  vicinity  about  the  time  of 
K well's  arrival. 

About  the  last  of  July,  General  A.  P.  Hill's  division  arrived,  it 
having  been  ordered  to  re-inforce  General  Jackson.  In  the  mean 
time,  there  had  been  several  small  skirmishes  and  rights  with  por 
tions  of  the  enemy's  cavalry,  which  crossed  the  Rapidan  on  recon 
noitring  expeditions  and  advanced  to  Orange  C.  H.,  and  on  one 
or  two  occasions  towards  ( iordons\  ille ;  but  of  these  it  is  not  ne 
cessary  to  speak  more  particularly. 

On  the  30th  of  July,  General  Hulleck.  who  had  been  appointed 
(leneral  in  chief  of  the  U.  S.  Army,  with  his  residence  at  Wash 
ington,  telegraphed  McClcllan :  "A  dispatch  just  received  from 
General  Pope  says  that  deserters  report  that  the  eniemy  is  moving 
south  of  James  River,  and  that  the  force  in  Richmond  is  very  small. 
I  suggest  he  be  pressed  in  that  direction,  so  as  to  ascertain  the 
facts  of  the  case." 

On  the  3 ist,  he  again  telegraphed  McClellan :  "General  Pope 
again  telegraphs  that  the  enemy  is  reported  to  be  evacuating  Rich 
mond  and  tailing  back  on  Danville  and  Lynchburg." 

On  the  ist  of  August,  ( icneral  Jackson's  whole  command,  exclu 
sive  of  the  cavalry,  but  including  the  artillery,  could  not  have  ex 
ceeded  20,000  officers  and  men.  lor  duty. 

I  have  in  my  possession,  now.  the  original  monthly  returns  of 
the  brigades  of  Kwell's  division  for  the  month  of  July,  and  the 
office  copy  of  the  consolidated  returns  for  the  division,  all  dated 
the  3ist  of  the  month,  and  these  show  present  for  duty  on  that  day, 
in  the  infantry  and  artillery  of  the  division,  4,801  officers  and  men, 
including  among  the  officers  all  general  and  star!"  officers,  and  even 

*NOTK.— Thi.H  brigade  i*  mil*-*!  "CampMPs  brigade"  in  « Jem-mi  .hukson's 
r«  IH.IM.  from  the  fuct  tliat  it  had  ln-en  commanded  by  '  «.l»in-l  ('ampln-ll  during 
the  Valley  Campaign  of  1H02;  hut  liem-nil  .1.  K.  .lout's  had  lieen  assigned  lo 
it,  and  wan  in  cuininand  of  it  during  a  portion  of  the  Heven  days  battles  He 
wa*  now  alwent  si«-k.  In  -OHU-  of  the  iejK>its  it  i»  <-:il!e<l  the  '*2nd  brigade.** 


the  surgeons  and  chaplains.  I  have  also  the  original  return  of 
Law-ton's  brigade  for  the  ijth  of  August,  when  it  was  transferred 
to  Kwell's  division,  and  that  shows  present  f«»r  duty  in  tin-  infantry 
and  artillery  of  the  brigade.  2,099  officers  and  men.  This  brigade 
had  not  been  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Cedar  Run.  and  the  return 
fully  covers  its  strength  on  the  rst  of  the  month.  The  other  three 
brigades  of  Jackson's  division  were  very  small,  and  3,000  would 
probably  cover  their  whole  strength.  The  whole  command,  there- 
lore,  did  not  exceed  9.900,  exclusive  of  the  cavalry,  before  the  ar 
rival  of  \\\\\'>  division.  That  division,  as  shown  by  the  returns 
given  by  Colonel  Walter  H.  Taylor,  in  his  "Four  years  with  C.en- 
eral  Lee,"  had.  on  the  J«»th  of  July,  tin-  date  of  the  last  return  given 
before  the  campaign  against  Pope,  for  duty.  519  officers  and  10,104 
enlisted  men  -in  all  10,623.  Jackson's  whole  command,  therefore, 
after  Hill's  arrival,  exclusive  of  the  cavalry,  could  not  have  much 
exceeded  2o,<x>o  officers  and  men  for  duty,  and  its  effective  force, 
which  embraces  only  enlisted  men  lor  duty,  was  considerably  less. 
The  cavalry  could  not  have  reached  i.5<*>. 

Pope,  in  his  testimony  before  the  Committee  on  the  conduct  of  the 
war.  on  the  Sth  of  July,  iSoj.said:  "1  have  a  movable  force,  aside 
from  the  few  troop.s  that  arc-  h«-rc  around  Washington  and  in  the 
intrenchments.  of  about  4.v*x>  men." 

He  further  .said  :  "1  have  no  apprehension,  with  my  troops  sta 
tioned  in  that  position,  [that  is,  oft  'on  the  tlanks  of  any  opposing 
force. J  although  I  have  but  4.V**'  men,  that  even  8o,oooofthe 
enemy  would  be  able  to  get  to  Washington  at  .ill." 

In  his  official  report,  dated  January  Jjth,  1*03.  speaking  of  the 
strength  of  his  three  corps  at  the  time  he  was  assigned  to  the  com 
mand,  i  June  jnth.i  lie  says.  "Their  effective  strength  of  infantry 
and  artillery.  a>  reported  to  me.  was  as  follows:  Fremont's  corps, 
eleven  thousand  ti\e  hundred  strong;  Hanks's  corps  reported  at 
fourteen  thousand  li\e  hundred  but  in  reality  only  about  eight 
thousand;  McPoweH's  corps  eighteen  thousand  four  hundred, 
making  a  total  of  thirty -eight  thousand  men.  The  cavalry  num 
bered  about  live  thousand,  but  most  of  it  was  badly  mounted  and 
armed,  and  in  poor  condition  lor  service." 

Thus  he  estimates  hi>  available  effective  strength  at  43,000  men, 
by  deducting  (1,400  from  Hanks's  official  return  count  that  and  there 
would  be:  49,41  x>.  It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  effective 
strength  <  if  an  army,  embraces  only  the  enlisted  men  for  duty  who 
bear  arms. 


The    Muter,)'  lli.it   most   <  >1   hi>   cavalry    "u.i*  badly 

mounted  and  .mm-d.  and  in  poor  condition  for  service,"  is  calcu- 

i  it  a  Miiile  from  the  survivors  of  our  cavalry,  when  they 

recollect  that  they  had  to  furnish  their  own  horses,  and  that  nearly 

all  their  ,mn>  \\ere  captured  from  the  enemy. 

On  the  6th  of  August,  Halleck  telegraphed  McClellan :  "You 
will  immediately  send  a  regiment  of  cavalry  and  several  batteries 
of  artillery  to  Burnside's  command  at  Aquia  Creek.  It  is  reported 
that  Jackson  is  moving  North  with  a  very  large  force." 

Pope  was  now  calling  lustily  for  re-inforcements,  and  they  were 
getting  badly  scared  at  Washington. 

BATTLE  OF  CKDAR  RUN  OR  SLAUGHTER'S  MOUNTAIN. 

Having  been  informed  that  a  portion  of  Pope's  force  was  at 
Culpeper  C.  H.,  on  the  6th  of  August,  General  Jackson  determined 
to  advance  against  it,  with  the  hope  of  defeating  it  before  re-inforce 
ments  could  arrive,  and  orders  were  given  for  that  purpose.  At 
this  time  Ewell's  division  was  encamped  near  Liberty  Mills,  on  the 
road  to  Madison  C.  H.,  Hill's  at  Orange  C.  H.,  and  Jackson's  in 
the  vicinity  of  (iordonsvillc,  while  the  cavalry  watched  the  cross 
ings  of  the  Rapidan.  Kwell's  division  moved  first  and  crossed 
the  Rapidan,  at  Liberty  Mills,  early  on  the  morning  of  the  7th, 
In-ing  preceded  by  the  6th  Virginia  cavalry,  under  Colonel  T.  S. 
HOurnoy,  and  White's  company.  The  cavalry  moved  out  in 
the  direction  of  Madison  C.  H..  while  Kwell  turned  to  the  right 
and  moved  to  the  vicinity  of  Barnett's  Ford,  where  a  road  to 
Culpeper  C.  H.  crosses  the  Rapidan,  and  bivouacked  for  the  night. 
The  other  divisions  were  to  cross  at  this  ford  on  the  8th  and  follow 
Kwell's.  Early  on  the  morning  of  the  Sth  Kwell's  division  moved 
past  Barnett's  Ford,  and  drove  a  cavalry  picket  from  it.  Robert 
son  then  crossed  at  that  ford  with  three  of  his  regiments,  and, 
passing  to  the  front,  encountered  a  considerable  force  of  the 
enemy's  cavalry,  which  he  drove  across  Robertson  River,  on  the 
road  to  Culpeper  C.  H.,  pursuing  it  some  three  or  four  miles 
beyond  that  river.  E well's  division  crossed  Robertson  River 
early  in  the  day,  and  bivouacked  on  its  north  bank,  to  await  the 
arrival  of  the  other  divisions  to  within  supporting  distance.  Jack 
son's  division  crossed  at  Barnett's  Ford  late  in  the  day,  but  no 
part  of  Hill's  crossed  until  the  morning  of  the  gth. 


On  the  morning  of  that  day,  Ewell's  division  moved  to  the  front 
with  my  brigade  in  advance,  until  we  reached  the  point  to  which 
Robertson  had  advanced  with  his  cavalry,  and  we  found  it  about 
eight  or  nine  miles  from  Culpeper  C.  H..  confronted  by  a  consid 
erable  force  of  the  enemy's  cavalry  in  some  fields  between  the 
Culpeper  road  and  Slaughter's  .Mountain  on  the  right. 

Between  the  Culpeper  road  and  and  tilt  base  <>\  the  mountain, 
there  is  a  valley,  on  a  branch  ol  Cedar  Run,  in  which  are  the 
large  fields  of  several  adjacent  larms.  the  valley  as  well  a*  the 
mountain  being  entirely  on  the  Mast  or  right  of  the  road.  The 
country  on  the  West  or  left  of  the  road,  .it  this  point,  is  mostly 
wooded,  and  the  road  crosses  one  or  two  small  streams  or  rivulets 
running  from  the  Wc>t.  leaving  narrow  .strips  of  woodland  on  the 
side  next  the  valley,  which  is  otherwise  cleared  of  timber  to  and 
beyond  the  northern  end  ol  tin-  mount. tin:  on  the  northern  slope 
of  which  is  the  farm  and  dwelling  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Slaughter. 
Cedar  Run  flows  beyond,  in  a  south-easterly  direction,  past  the 
base  ol  the  northern  end  »>!  the  mountain. 

After  a  reconnoi.ssance  ol  the  eneinv's  cavalry,  some  pieces  of 
artillery  opened  fire  on  it.  causing  it  !<•  retire;  but  some  of  the 
enemy's  pieces,  which  were  concealed  irom  our  \  iew.  soon  re 
sponded,  and  the  cavalry  returned  to  it>  former  position. 

My  brigade  was  now  moved  out  on  the  Culpeper  road,  to  its 
intersection  with  a  road  irom  Madi^m  C.  H.  about  a  mile  from  the 
point  at  which  we  found  Robertson.  It  was  here  concealed  from 
the  v.iew  ot  the  enemy  by  the  woods,  and  his  t  av  airy  was  con 
cealed  from  my  view  by  an  intervening  ridge  in  the  field  where 
it  was  posted.  Trimble'*  brigade  was  moved  t< .  the  right  into  a 
body  of  pines  near  the  base  of  the  mountain.  I  lays's  brigade,  under 
Colonel  l-'orno.  being  in  the  rear,  near  a  house  at  which  we  found 
Robertson. 

About  one  o'clock,  in  the  afternoon,  I  received  an  order  from 
General  Jackson,  through  a  staff  ofiicer.  to  advance  with  my  brigade 

on  the  road  to  Culpeper  C.  H..  with  the  inform.  lion  that  ( ieneral 
Kwell  would  advance,  .  u  the  rioht.  over  the  northern  slope  of  the 
mountain,  with  his  other  two  brigades,  and  that  I  would  be-  followed 
and  supported  by  General  Winder  with  three  bri-ades  of  Jackson's 
division.  Lawton's  bein-.  m  the  rear  -uardin-  the  trains;  but  I 
was  directed  not  to  begin  the  movement  until  Winder  was  in  reach 
and  ready  to  follow  me. 


1 1 

While  \\.iitinv:   to  hear  trom   Winde:  ;t son  and 

mvM-lt  i  «<U-  out  into  the  ti«-kl>  on  my  right,  to  ascertain  the  exact 

portion  of  tin-  enemy's  cavalry.     The  road,  a  short  distance  in 

mv  t!  a  small  stream  running  from  the  left,  ami  then 

:i  a  large  body  of  woods,  leaving  a  long  narrow  strip 

on  the  side  next  the  enemy's  cavalry.     1  ronld  not  therefore  move 

the  road  by  Hank  in  safety,  and  determined  to  move  obliquely 

across  the  road  U|KIII  the  enemy,  and  then  through  the  fields  in 

line. 

On  my  return  to  my  command.  1  found  a  messenger  from  Winder, 
with  the  information  that  he  was  ready. 

The  brigade,  \\hich  had  been  diminished  on  the  advance,  in  the 
morning,  by  a  regiment  and  six  companies  of  another  detached  to 
picket  some  side  roads,  was  then  moved  into  a  meadow  on  the 
stream  in  my  front,  on  the  right  of  the  road,  and  from  that  point 
advanced  against  the  enemy,  with  the  i^th  Virginia,  under  Colonel 
James  A.  Walker,  deployed  as  skirmishers  to  cover  my  left  Hank. 
Colonel  Walker  was  ordered  to  advance  to  the  front  through  the 
woods,  clear  the  road,  and  gradually  oblique  to  the  right,  so  as  to 
rejoin  the  brigade  on  its  left,  as  it  moved  to  the  front  through  tin- 
fields.  The  left  of  Colonel  Walker's  skirmish  line  encountered 
alniut  a  squadron  of  cavalry,  on  moving  forward,  which  uAs  driven 
orfby  a  fire  from  that  Hank,  and  when  the  brigade  reached  tin- 
crest  of  the  ridge,  behind  which  the  main  l>ody  of  the  cavalry  was 
posted,  the  latter  was  found  mounted  with  the  vedettes  dra\\n  in. 
the  alarm  of  approaching  danger  having  been  given  by  the  firing 
on  Walker's  left.  A  few  shots  from  the  brigade,  and  from  tin- 
right  of  Walker's  skirmishers,  sent  the  enemy  scampering  to  tin 
rear.  The  brigade  then  wheeled  to  the  left  and  moved  forward 
through  the  fields,  until  it  came  to  a  farm  road  leading  from  Mrs. 
Crittenden's  house,  on  the  right,  to  and  across  the  Cul|>e|>er  road. 

At  the  point  where  the  farm  road  crossed  the  Culpcper  road, 
the  latter  emerged  from  the  woods,  and.  running  for  alxwt  three 
hundred  yards,  with  a  prolongation  of  the  main  body  of  woods 
on  the  left  and  a  field  on  its  right,  passed  lietween  a  whcatfield  on 
the  left  and  a  cornfield  wn  the  right,  and  then  crossed  a  ridge. 

Walker  had  continued  to  cover  my  left  with  his  skirmishers, 
but  he  now  rejoined  the  brigade  and  formed  his  regiment  on  its 
left  Hank. 


Tin-  brigade  had  advanced  al)otit  a  half  or  three  quarters  of  a 
mile  \ery  rapidly,  after  coining  upon  the  enemy's  cavalry,  and  time 
was  given  it  to  breathe  a  few  minutes. 

A  fence  enclosing  the  field  in  our  front,  and  beside  which  the 
larm  road  ran.  was  then  pulled  down,  and  the  brigade  advanced 
into  the  held  to  the  crest  o|  a  low  ridge,  when  a  considerable  bodv 
of  the  ememy's  cavalry  was  discovered  drawn  ii|>  on  the  ridge  on 
the  opposite  .side  of  the  \\he.ittield.  in  front  of  a  body  of  woods  on 
that  ridge  ;  and  at  the  same  time  three  batteries  of  artillery  opened 
from  behind  the  crest  of  the  same  rid^c.  ami  in  our  front. 

No  mlantry  had  yet  been  seen,  but  it  uas  manifest,  from  the 
boldness  with  which  the  cavalry  confronted  us.  and  the  opening  ot 
the  batteries,  that  there  must  rn- a  heavy  force  of  infantry  concealed 
by  the  rid^e  in  our  front,  and  I  then-fop-  halted  the  brigade,  and 
made  the  men  rover  themselves  as  well  as  they  could.  1>\-  moving 
a  tew  steps  to  the  rear  and  lyinjj  d<>\\n.  I  then  sent  a  request  to 
( ieneral  Winder  to  move  up. 

The  position  \\hich  I  now  occupied,  uas  in  an  uncultivated  field 
in  Mrs.  Oittcndcn's  farm.  Immediately  on  my  rij^ht.  but  a  little 
advanced.  uas  a  clump  of  cedars,  on  the  most  elevated  part  of  the 
ground,  from  \\hieh  point  there  was  a  slope,  to  the  ri^ht.  to  lo\\ 
fields  or  bottoms  on  the  branch  of  Cedar  Run.  all  the  country  be 
tween  us  and  the  l.,ts<-  ot  the  mountain,  the  northern  extremity  ot 
which  wa.s  opposite  my  rijjit.  consisting  of  cleared  fields.  ( )n  my 
left  was  the  body  of  woods  beside  which  the  road  ran.  and  in  front 
ot  this  \\oods  \\.is  the  \\heatticld.  with  the  shock.s  of  wheat  still 
standing,  in  the  hollow  between  the  two  ridges  and  at  the  upper 
'•nd  o!  that  hollow.  Immediately  in  my  front  the  ground  sloped 
down  to  ,i  small  drain  running  from  the  wheattield  a<  ross  the  road, 
and  beyond  that  drain  was  the  cornfield. 

On  the  left  ot  the  road,  \\here  it  crossed  the  rid^e  in  my  front, 
was  the  body  of  woods  in  front  of  which  the  eavalry  was  dra\\  n  up. 
but  there  uas  none  on  the  ri^ht  of  the  road. 

Immediately  after  sending  back  for  \\'inder,  I  sent  for  some  ar 
tillery,  but  my  request  had  been  anticipated,  and  Captain  Brown 
of  the  Chesapeake  Artillery,  with  one  ^'un  from  his  battery,  and 
Captain  Dement  of  the  1st  Maryland  Battery,  with  three  ^uns.  soon 
came  dashing  up  through  the  fields,  and  were  posted  near  the 
clump  ot  cedars.  They  immediately  opened  on  the  enemy's  cav- 


'3 

airy  .uul  artil'.-  -ing   tin-   former  t«»  retire  >peedily.  through 

tin-  ridge.     (ieneral  Wiiuier,  moving  l>v  think  along 

rame  up  with  his  advance,  and  some  of  the  guns  of 

Hi's  di\i>ion  were  brought  into  action,  near  the  point  where 

.id  t -nit  Tges  from  the  woods,  under  the  supervision  of  Major 

Andreu-v  chief  of  artillery  for  the  division.     Kwell  had  by  this 

time  readied  the  plateau  on  the  northern  slope  of  the  mountain, 

and  raiiM-d  two  batteries  with  him  lo  open  also  on  the  enemy. 

I   had  posted   a  regiment,  the    12th  (ieorgia,  on    the  right  of 
Hn  .\\n's  and  Dement's  guns  to  protect  them,  as  there  was  a  wide 
«-red  space  between  them  and  Ewell's  position  on  the  moim- 
• 

cannonade  hail  now  lx-eome  very  brisk,  anil  I  discovered 
that  line  of  the  enemy's  batteries  had  been  compelled  to  change 
it>  position. 

As  the  brigades  under  Winder  came  up.  they  were  moved  into 
the  woods  confronting  the  wheatfield  on  the  left  of  the  road.  Heing 
in  a  |M»sition  to  observe  the  nature  of  the  ground  in  front,  I  sent 
the  information  to  (ieneral  Winder  that,  by  moving  a  force  around 
the  upper  end  of  the  wheatfield.  and  through  the  woods  on  the 
opposite  ridge,  he  could  get  on  the  rlank  ol  the  enemy's  batteries. 
In  a  few  moments,  however,  I  discovered,  by  the  glistening  of  the 
muskets  and  bayonets  in  that  wood,  though  the  men  could'nt  be 
seen,  that  the  enemy  was  stealthily  sending  an  infantry  force  to  our 
left,  and  I  immediately  sent  a  start  officer  to  inform  (ieneral  Win 
der  of  the  fact,  and  caution  him  to  look  out  for  his  lefrrlank.  My 
messenger  found  that  that  gallant  officer  had  just  been  mortally 
wounded  by  a  shell,  and  tin-  message  was  delivered  to  ( ieneral 
Jackson  in  IKTSOII,  he  having  arrived  on  the  field. 

(ieneral  Win.  H.  Taliaferro  now  succeeded  to  the  command  of 
the  three  brigades  of  Jackson's  division  that  were  up.  Taliaferro's 
own  brigade,  now  commanded  by  Colonel  Taliaferro,  was  imme 
diately  on  my  left—Jones's  brigade,  under  Colonel  (iarnett.  was 
on  the  left  of  Taliaferro's,  facing  the  wheatfield.  with  its  left  extend 
ing  to  another  narrow  field  running  back  from  the  wheatfield. 
Winder's  brigade,  the  .Stonewall,  under  Colonel  Ronald,  was  in 
reserve  in  rear  of  Garnett's  left. 

When  the  artillery  fire  had  continued  about  two  hours  after  tin 
enemy's  batteries  first  opened  on  my  brigade,  I  discovered  his  in 


fantry  advancing  in  line  through  t  ho  rorn  field,  preceded  by  a  line 
of  skirmishers,  hut  it  halted  and  Liy  down  before  >»etlinj;  within 
musket  ranije.  beinii  partially  mm  ealcd  by  tin-  jL»n»\\ini»  corn 
which  was  iimn-  than  head  hii»h.  This  line  of  infantry  overlapped 

my  ri^ht  flank,  and  I  sent  a  request  to  <  iencral  lackson  for  a  bri 
gade  to  post  on  that  flank,  and  it  was  promised.  Melon-  it  arrived, 
however,  two  batteries  attached  to  Hill's  divison.  IVin  ram's  and 
!•  leet  s,  which  eaine  upon  the  IK  -Id  in  ad\  anee  <>t  the  di\  ision.  sud 
denly  da>hed  t<>  tht  In.  nt  of'  the  left  of  my  brigade,  and  commen- 
eed  imlimherinjr  \vithin  musket  ran^e  ni  the  enemy's  skirmishers, 
which,  with  the  line  in  rc.tr.  immediately  arose  and  ad\aneed  firing. 
Seeing  th.it  the  541  ins  \\onld  IK  captured  or  disabled,  unless  sup 
ported  immediately.  1  ordi-ivd  my  brigade  t'>r\v.ird  at  a  doiible- 
(juiek,  and  it  ai  i  i\  --d  just  in  time  ti>  sa\  e  the  ^mis.  About  this  time. 
Major  Snowden  .\ndre\\s.  while  mo\  inj^  s«»me  «if  the  yuns  of  |aek- 
soii  s  di\  ision  to  an  ad  \  a  need  j  iositn  in.  r»vri\  »  d  a  Iri^'htful  \\  omul 
li'om  ,i  bursting  shell,  \\hirh  th<  >III^CMH-,  jui  mounted  mortal,  but 
the  Major  determined  t<>  li\e.  and  did  live  and  re<  n\cr  in  spite  oi" 


As  soon  as  tht  safety  of  Hill's  batteries  was  seeured.  the  r  Jth 
<  .eor-ia  was  mo\ed  up.  and  posted  on  the  crest  of  a  small  ridj^e 
leading  out  troin  th--  main  one  and  around  in  front  of  '.he  clump  of 
cedars,  s<»  as  to  ha\<-  an  «'i>li(|u<  flank  lire  <«n  the  «  nem\  immedi 
ately  in  trout  of  the  brigade.  l.ari»<-  bi.cli«-s  «i|  intantrv  had  n«.w 
advanced  through  the  \\  heatfield.  an«l  ayain^t  <  .ainett's  extreme 
left,  nnd  t!ie  (  -n^avM  uit-ut  berame  yenei-al  alon^  the  fmnt.  and  ra^ed 
with  vjreat  fury.  Just  as  I  had  posted  th«-  I  Jth  <  .ct.r^ia  on  the  ri^ht 
of  my  bri-ade.  Th-  .m.,s's  (  „,  „-,.,  bri-ade  of  Hill's  di\  ision.  having 
arrived  in  advance  of  the  div  ision,  ,  auu  to  my  assistance,  by  (  ,111- 
t-ral  Jackson's  order  as  promised,  and  I  pr-.t  ceded  to  post  it  •  m 
the  n^ht  of  'the  i  jth  (  ',eor-ia.  on  the  extension  of  tin-  same  rid^e. 
so  as  to  confront  the  force  overlapping  my  ri-ht.  While  doiu^ 
tiiis  the  left  and  centre  of  my  o\\  n  brigade  \\ercconcealed  from 
my  view,  and  .m  riding  ba.  k  I  found  that  the  batteries  of  Hill's 
division  to  th<-  support  of  which  niv  brigade  had  ^one.  were  mov 
ing  to  the  rear,  and  the  left  and  centre-  r<--iments  \\  ,-re  lallin-  back 
obliquely  from  the  woods  on  their  left.  1  at  once  ordered  a  staff 
officer  to  -allop  t«,  the  retiring  regiments  and  brin-.  them  back. 


Thr  i -tli  '  .  lM,i  a  p()I 

tinii   .»!  the   5*th  Vir-inia   \\n«    Mill  holding  tlu-ir  position  ,»n  th«- 
.ind    I    rod<-  to  them  ami  urged   their  eomm.mders  to  hold 
11  haxards,  as  other  troops  would  soon  come  to 
our    i-  Captain  Win.  F.  Brown,  commanding  the  i2th 

•  plied  very  promptly :  "General,  my  ammunition  is  near- 
ly  exhausted,  don't  you  think  I  had  better  charge  them  ?"  I  could 
but  IK:  struck  with  admiration  at  the  coolness  and  determination  of 
the  old  man.  for  he  was  then  sixty  five  years  of  age,  but  I  said  to 
him :  "Captain,  it"  we  Gin  hold  on  until  other  troops  come  up  we 
will  do  very  well."  And  here  I  must  relate  something  of  the  his 
tory  of  Captain  Brown.  He  had  been  with  General  Ned  Johnson 
at  Alleghany  Mountains,  and  with  General  Jackson  in  his  Valley 
campaign,  from  McDowell  to  Port  Republic,  but  he  had  then  re 
signed.  A  few  days  before  the  battle  of  Cedar  Run.  he  reported 
for  duty,  and  told  me  that,  after  the  termination  of  the- Val 
ley  campaign,  he  had  concluded  that,  as  he  was  old  and  had  a  son 
who  was  first  Lieutenant  of  his  company,  it  was  his  duty  to  go 
home  and  look  after  the  old  woman  (as  he  termed  her)  and  Un 
rest  of  the  children — so  he  had  sent  in  his  resignation  and  got  a 
leave  of  absence. 

He  then  went  home  and  stayed  about  two  weeks,  but,  IK-  said : 
"General.  I  saw  so  many  young  men  lying  around  doing  nothing. 

when  they  ought  to  be  in  the  army,  that  I  swore,  I'd  be,d d  it 

I  would  stay  among  them — so  I  came  back  to  Richmond,  withdrew 
my  resignation,  and  I  have  come  to  report  to  you  for  duty." 

There  being  no  field -officer  present  with  the  regiment,  he,  being 
the  senior  captain,  was  put  in  command  of  the  i  2th  Georgia.  If 
I  had  given  the  word  he  would  have  charged  the  whole  force  in 
our  front,  and  tin-  I2th  Georgia  would  promptly  have  obeyed  his 
order,  for  it  never  did  know  how  to  refuse  to  fight.  I  will  add 
that  his  regiment  was  not  long  afterwards  transferred  to  Trimble's 
brigade,  and  when  General  Trimble  was  wounded  on  the  2<jth  ot 
August,  Captain  Brown,  as  the  senior  officer  present,  succeeded  to 
the  command  of  the  brigade,  though  only  a  captain  :  and  he  was 
killed  at  Ox  Hill  in  command  of  it,  on  the  ist  of  September- 
No  braver  or  truer  man  fell  during  the  entire  war. 

Returning  from  this  episode  to  the  battle  I  was  describing,  1  will 
state  that  my  brigade,  with  the  assistance  of  the  guns  of  Brown  and 
Dement  as  well  as  those  of  Pcgram  and  Fleet,  which  rendered  very 


efficient  service  with  cannister,  had  kept  the  enemy  .it  bay  in  the 
cornfield  ;  bill,  further  t<>  the  lelt.  the  enemy  hud  attacked  very 
fiercely  (iarnett's  front,  while  u  heavy  lone  \\.is  thrown  upon  Ins 
left,  compelling  it  to  give  way.  The  enemy  then  got  in  his  rear, 
and  the  whole  brigade  was  toned  to  retire,  when  the  attacking 
force  assailed  the  left  and  re.ir  of  Tuliaferro's  brigade  in  the  woods, 
which  likewise  gave  way.  but  n<»t  until  Colonel  Tuliuferro  had  made 
an  obstinate  resistunc«-  with  the  regiments  on  the  right  of  the  bri 
gade.  He  was,  however,  compelled  to  order  those  regiments  to 
tall  back  also.  The  enemy,  now  having  possession  of  the  woods 
on  the  lelt  ol  my  brigade,  opened  tin-  on  thai  Hank,  while  it  was 
exposed  to  another  in  ironi.  1  he  centre  regiments  tir>t  ga\c 
way,  but  Colonel  \\  alker  still  maintained  his  position,  with  his  own 
regiment  and  a  portion  ol  the  :,  i  M  Virginia,  in  support  of  the  but 
teries,  until  all  the  piece>  were  carried  off  solely,  and  the  enemy 
had  penetrated  into  the  field  in  his  rear.  1  le  then  ordered  his  reg 
iment  and  the  portion  ol  the  .}IM  with  him.  to  lall  back  obliquely 
Ironi  the  woods.  It  was  ]iist  at  this  crisis  that  I  came  in  \  iew  of 
that  part  ol  tin-  field  alter  porting  Thomas. 

The  latter  held  his  position  firmly  on  the  right,  keeping  the 
enemy's  1  elt  in  du-ck.  \\  hil«  pouring  u  » lest  IIK  ti\  e  lire  into  its  ranks. 
The  uth  (  ieoi-oia.  the  lour  companies  < •!  tlu  sjnd.  und  the  portion 
ol  the  S'Stli,snl]  held  then  ^r"uud.  |{i'i>\\n's  ,md  I  )ement's  i>uns 
continuing  a  deslnu  li\<-  tin-  ol  <  .innistcr  into  \\}<-  enenu  in  lf<mt 
ol  those  commands  (  apt.uu^  I  )i«  >\\  u  and  1  ^enuiit  themseKcs  ser 
ving  their  pieces  when  l!)en  men  were  exhausted.  Yerv  so(.n, 
Branch's,  Archer's  and  I Vnder's  brigades  <,f  1  \\}\\  di\  ision  arrived. 
and  were  mo\  ed  loi'ward  "ii  tin-  lett  <•;  the  i«..id.  spct-dily  clearing 
the  woods  ot  thceneim  \\'mdei  's  brigade.  nnd«-r  Colonel  Ronald, 
gallantly  and  etticiently  co  opei'atin^.  Then-tiring  regiments  ol 
my  brigade  wen-  ><  »<  MI  rallied  and  n-t  urned  ii  •  iln  I  rout,  as  w  as  t  In 
case  also  with  1  aliaterro  s  bi'i^ade. 

Just  as  Hill's  brigades  had  reudud  tlie  rd^e  of  the  \\heuilield. 
in  the  pursuit  ot  tin •  in  »w  retreating  enemy,  and  Taliah-rro'-,  bi  igad«- 
and  my  regiments  were  pressing  !•  >rw  anl  .  >n  tin  u  right,  tin  «-m-my 
made  a  desperate  effort  to  retrieve  the  toi  times  of  the  day  by  a 
cavalry  charge.  Siuldenly  a  body  of  cavalry  came  charging  over 
the  ridge  and  along  the  road,  getting  ;<.  within  Sorty  or  titty  steps 
ot  ( ieiu-ral  'I  aliaterro  and  my  sell,  who  were  directing  our  respective 
commands,  when  the  men.  without  attempting  anv  formation,  pour- 


ed  a  M.lley  into  the   head  i.|   tin-  «  'barging  column,  \vhirli  raused  it 
to  turn  abruptly  t«»  its  right,  through  the  wheatiield.  \\hen  it  re 
ived  rakin^  volleys  from  HiH's  brigades,  as  it  ran  the  gauntlet, 

\vhirh  many  >addle>  \\ere  emptied.      This  ended  the  r«  mtest  and 
«'»i'  >ed  on  in  pursuit.     The  troops  in  in.nt  of Thomas 

were  tin-  last  to  give  way,  but  they  >,MMI   followed  the  K  treating 
ma 
lt  was  now  nearly  flight,  but  our  troops  ctmtiniied  to  pursue  the 
•my.  Field's  Louisiana  brigade,  under  Colonel 

Stafford, of  Hill's  di\  i>ion.  \\  hi,  h  arrived  just  as  the  action  cloeed, 
taking  the  It- 

The  pursuit   \\as  i  .-nt in ued  al>out  a  mile  and  a  hall",  when  fresh 

troops   of    •  encountered,  which  had  just  arrived. 

There  \\a>  BOOM   artillery  firing ^  at  this  point,  but  the  pursuit  now 

:t    had    become   dark,  and  Colonel  \Vm.  E.  Jones,  in 

th«   fr..nt  with  his  regiment,  the  ;th  Virginia  Cavalry, 

had  raptured  the  negro  sen-ant  of  a  Federal  officer,  from  whom  it 

wa^  ued  that  Sigel's  corps  had  arrived.     There  was  there- 

.1  halt  for  the  night. 

Trimble's  and  Hays's  brigades  had  not  been  engaged,  but  the 
two  batteries,  which  Ewell  had  on  the  plateau  on  the  mountain, 
and  were  supported  by  those  brigades,  had  rendered  efficient 
service. 

General  Kwell  had  not  Ix-en  able  to  advance  against  the  enemy 
during  the  engagement,  by  reason  of  the  artillery  fire  from  our 
batteries,  which  swept  the  valley  in  his  front ;  but  when  the  retreat 
of  the  enemy  began,  he  moved  down  and  joined  the  main  column 
before  the  pursuit  ended. 

The  troops  we  had  engaged  and  defeated  were  those  of  Banks's 
corps  mainly,  but  l>efore  the  action  or  rather  the  pursuit  closed. 
Pope  arrived  with  Rickett's  division  of  McDowell's  corps,  which. 
he  says,  "just  at  dusk,  came  up  and  joined  in  the  engagement.' 
Rickett's  division  numbered  over  8,000  men.  Sigel's  corps  arrived 
subsequently. 

We  had  only  eight  brigades  actually  engaged,  to  wit :  three  of 
Jackson's  division,  four  of  Hill's,  and  my  own.  Kwell,  however, 
was  within  supporting  distance  with  two  others.  Lawton's  brigade 
of  Jackson's  division  and  Gregg's  brigade  of  Hill's  division  were 
in  the  rear  guarding  the  trains,  which  the  enemy's  cavalry  was  re- 


Ift 

ported  to  be  threatening.  Field's  and  Stafford's  brigades  did  not 
arrive  until  the  close  of  the  action,  and  a  part  ot "my  brigade  was 
absent  on  picket  duty  as  before  stated. 

A  reconnoissance  made  next  morning  by  the  cavalry,  under  the 
charge  of  General  Stuart,  who  had  arrived  on  a  tour  of  inspection, 
disclosed  the  tact  that  the  greater  part  ot  Pope's  army  had  arrived, 
and  the  rest  was  coming  up. 

General  |ackson.  therefore,  did  not  deem  it  prudent  to  push  on. 
There  was  some  artillery  tiring  that  morning  at  long  range,  but  in 
the  afteriuion  we  tell  back  to  the  vicinity  of  the  battlefield.  On  the 
next  day.  Pope  sent  a  flag  of  truce,  requesting  permission  to  bury 
his  dead,  and  carry  otl  his  wounded,  and  it  was  granted  until  two 
o'clock,  P.  M.,  but  subsequently  extended,  until  all  his  dead  were 
buried. 

I  \\ason  the  field  in  person  during  the  existence  ot  the  truce, 
and  the  greater  part  ol  the  enemy's  dead  \\eiv  taken  from  the 
cornfield  in  front  of  the  positions  occupied  by  my  brigade  and 
Thomas's.  1  had.  on  that  day.  with  details  from  my  own  brigade, 
ninety-eight  ol  our  dead  buried,  which  were  found  in  the  woods 
where  Jackson's  division  had  fought,  and  had  been  overlooked  by 
their  proper  commands.  I  also  had  MX  wagon  loads  ot  small 
arms,  that  the  enemy  had  left  on  the  field,  carried  to  the  rear. 
They  had  been  stacked  by  the  command  assigned  to  that  duty, 
the  clay  before,  but  had  not  been  carried  off.  though  a  larger 
number  had  been  sent  to  the  rear.  The  eneim  on  this  day. 
buried  something  over  six  hundred  dead  that  were  lying  on  the  field. 

On  the  night  of  the  nth.  \\e  began  retiring  t<»  the  rear,  ami 
returned  to  our  former  positions  near  Gordonsville,  on  the  i^th. 
\Ve  captured  one  piece  of'  artillery,  .md  something  over  ti\  e 
thousand  stand  of  small  arms. 

Our  loss  was,  in  killed  22$,  wounded  i.o(x>.  and  missing"  ^i-  in 
all  1-^14. 

Pope  does  not  give  in  numbers  his  lo>s.  but  says  it  was  heavy. 
He  had  now  seen  something  more  of  the  "rebels"  than  their 
backs,  and  was  destined  soon  to  behold  other  new  and  more 
startling  sights. 

In  his  official  report,  he  says: 

"The  consolidated  report  of  Gr-neral  Bar.ks's  "orps,  reo. 'vi  d 
some  days  previously,  exhibited  an  effective  force  of  something 
over  fourteen  thousand  men.  Appended  herewith  will  be  found 


the   i<-tuin   in  question.      It  appeau  jiienlly.  however.  that. 

I  irneral  Hank-  at  that  time  did  not  exceed  eight  thousand 

nu-ii.      Hut  although  I  several  times  called  General  Hanks's  atten 

tion  to  the  tlix  Tepancy    between    this    return    and    the  force  he 

.ittet  \\.mU  Mated  to  me  he  had  led  to  front,  that  discrepancy  has 

;  explained  and  I  do  not  yet  understand  ho\v  General 

Hank*  could  have  been  so  greatly  mistaken  as  to  the  forces  under 

•  minaml." 

Th«-n  follows  the  return,  as  follows  : 

INFANTRY.  ARTILLERY.  CAVALRY.  TOTAL. 

"ist  Army  Corps  [Sigel's]        10.550  948  1.730  13.228 

2(1  Army  Corps  [Hanks's]       13.343  '.224  4.104  18.671 

3d  Army  Corps  [Me  Powell's]  17,604  971  2,904  21,479 


Total.  41.497        3«!43  *.73* 

Deduct  infantry  brigade  stationed  at  Winchester,      2.500 
Deduct  regiment  and  battery  at  1-mnt  Royal, 
Deduct  cavalry  unfit  for  sen  ice, 


53.37s 


6,500 


Total.  47.*S7* 

I  certify  that  this  is  a  true  copy  of  the  consolidated  morning 
report  of  the  Army  of  Virginia,  dated  July  3ist.  1862,  com 
manded  by  Major  <  ieneral  Pope." 

MYKR   ASCH.  Captain  and  Aide-de-Camf" 

Pope  seems  to  be  surprised  that  Hanks  could  not  explain  the 
discrepancy  alxmt  his  strength,  between  his  official  return  and  his 
statement  after  he  had  fought  Jackson  at  Cedar  Run.  The  fact  is 
that  Hanks's  mind  always  did  become  confused  when  Stonewall 
Jackson  was  aUuit.  In  his  report.  Po|>e  further  says:  'The  day 
of  the  loth  was  intensely  hot.  and  the  troops  on  both  sides  were 
too  much  fatigued  to  renew  the  action.  My  whole  effective  force 
on  that  day,  exclusive  of  Hanks's  corps,  which  was  in  no  condition 
for  sen-ice,  was  about  twenty  thousand  artillery  and  infantry,  and 
about  two  thousand  cavalry  ;  General  Huford  with  the  cavalry  force 
under  his  command,  not  yet  having  been  able  to  join  the  main 
body." 


20 

King's  division  of  McDowell's  corps  came  up  on  the  evening  of 
the  1 1  th.  and  Pope  then  had  his  entire  army  concentrated.  It  will 
thus  be  seen  that  it  was  a  very  prudent  step  on  General  Jackson's 
part  to  retire  on  the  night  of  the  i  ith. 

It  is  hard  to  tell  what  it  was  that  prevented  Buford  from  joining 
the  main  body.  ( >n  the  8th.  lie  sent  a  dispatch,  by  signal,  from 
Madison  C.  H..  to  Banks,  which  is  given  by  Pope  as  follows:  "All 
of  my  force  is  withdrawn  from  Madison  Court  House,  and  is  in  re 
treat  toward  Sperryx  ille.  The  enemy  is  in  torce  on  both  my  right 
and  left,  and  in  my  rear.  I  may  be  cut  oft." 

1  can't  conceive  what  it  was  that  scared  him  so  badly.  Robert 
son,  with  all  his  brigade  except  one  regiment,  was  driving  another 
body  of  the  enemy's  cavalry  across  Robertson  River  on  the  8th. 
The  6th  Virginia  Cavalry  and  White's  company  moved  in  the 
direction  ol  Madison  C.  H.  on  the  jth.  and  separately  encountered 
portions  ol  the  enemy's  cavalry  which  they  drove  before  them. 
Perhaps,  ii  was  this  regiment  and  company  which  alarnied  Bulord. 

The  very  presence  ot  ( ieiieral  |ai  kson  in  the  \  icinity  of  ( iordons- 
ville  had  bewildered  the  minds,  and  excited  anew  the  tears  of  the 
authorities  at  Washington  :  and  on  the  ^d  ot  August  the  peremptory 
order  was  given  tor  the  evacuation  ot  Harrison's  Landing,  and  the 
re-inforcement  ol  Pope  by  McClellan's  army.  In  his  reply  to  some 
questions  propounded  by  the  committee  on  the  conduct  of  the 
war.  in  May  iN^s.  Pope  said  : 

"Jackson    \\.is   at    Gordonsville    on   the  41)1  ot  August,  the  day 

that  General  McClellan  recei\ed  orders  to  \\itluiraw  from  the 
Peninsula;  and  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mountain  was  fought  on  the 
ijth  of  August,  by  the  three  corps  under  Jack-on  his  own.  Kwell's 
and  A.  P.  Hill's,  supported  by  I.ongMreet's  corps  behind  the 
Rapidan." 

(  )n  the  6th  of  August.  Hal!  -ck.  in  a  letter  to  McClellan.  said: 
"Nou  and  your  officers  at  our  interview  estimated  the  enemy's 
forces  in  and  around  Richmond  at  two  hundred  thousand  men. 
Since  then,  you  and  others  report  that  they  have  received  and  are 
receiving  large  re-inforcements  from  the  South.  General  Pope's 
army,  covering  Wash'ngion  is  only  about  forty  thousand.  Your 
effective  torce  is  only  about  ninety  thousand.  You  are  thirty  miles 
trom  Richmond,  and  (  ieneral  Pope  eighty  or  ninety,  with  the  enemy 


ly  I-  .on  ready  to  fall  \\itli  hi*  superior  numbers  upon 

one  MI-  the  other  as  he  may  elect:  neither  can  re-imi.ive  tin-  other 

•  Midi  an  attack."  i 

On  the  gth  he  telegraphed  McClellan : 

n  ot  the  opinion  the  enemy  is  massing  his  forces  in  front  of 
t  ieiier.il>  I'ope  and  Burnside,  and  that  he  expects  to  crush  them 
and  move  forward  to  the  Potomac.  You  must  send  re-inforce- 
nients  instantly  to  Acjuia  Creek" 

Alter  the  battle  of  Cedar  Run,  the  spectre  of  "overwhelming 
numbers"  at  Richmond,  and  a  speedy  advance  on  Washington, 
assumed  a  fearful  shape,  and  Halleck  became  frantic  in  his  direc 
tions  to  McClellan  to  hasten  the  evacuation,  and  send  forward 
re-inforcements  to  avert  the  threatened  disaster.  Burnside,  with 
13.000  men  from  the  coast  of  North  Carolina,  on  his  way  to  join 
McClellan.  had  previously  been  diverted  from  that  destination 
and  sent  to  the  vicinity  of  Fredericksburg. 

On  the  I4th  in  response  to  Halleck,  McClellan  telegraphed  : 

"Movement  has  commenced  by  land  and  water.  All  sick  will  be 
away  to-morrow  night.  Kvery  thing  done  to  carry  out  your 
orders.  I  don't  like  Jackson's  movements;  he  will  suddenly 
appear  when  least  expected." 

There  were  none  on  that  side  who  did  like  Jackson's  movements 
when  he  was  on  the  war-path  ;  and  on  this  occasion  he  certainly 
caused  Richmond  to  be  entirely  relieved  of  the  danger  of  a 
threatened  siege,  not  to  be  renewed  for  the  period  of  two  years, 
and  until  he  himself  was  in  his  grave. 

On  the  1 4th  of  August,  Reno,  with  S.ooo  men  of  Burnside's 
corps  joined  Po|>e's  army. 

ADVANCE  AGAINST  POPE. 

Having  ascertained  that  McClellan  was  sending  troops  to  re 
inforce  Pope,  General  Lee.  on  the  i^th,  ordered  General  Long- 
street,  with  his  division,  I).  R.  Jones's  division,  two  brigades  under 
(General  Hood,  and  Evans's  brigade  to  Gordonsville.  General 
Stuart  was  ordered  to  the  same  vicinity  with  Fit/  Lee's  brigade 
of  cavalry,  and  General  R.  H.  Anderson  was  ordered  to  follow 
Longstreet  with  his  division.  Longstreet  having  arrived,  General 
Jackson's  command  was  moved  in  the  direction  of  Somerville  Ford 
on  the  Rapidan,  on  the  I5th,  and  camped  three  or  four  miles  from 


the  ford.  The  command  had  not  been  increased  since  the  battle 
of  Cedar  Run.  but  Laxx  ton's  brigade  had  been  transferred  to  Kxx  ell's 
division,  and  the  Louisiana  brigade,  previously  under  Colonel  Staf 
ford  but  now  under  ( ieneral  Starke,  had  been  transferred  from  Hill's 
division  to  Jackson's.  A  day  or  two  before  the  joth.  the  49th  Vir 
ginia,  under  Colonel  \Ym.  Smith,  joined  my  brigade,  and  this  con 
stituted  the  sole  accession  to  (ieneral  Jackson  s  command;  but  it 
did  not  number  one-third  of  the  loss  at  Cedar  Run. 

(ieneral  Lee  having  arrived  and  assumed  command,  a  forward 
movement  was  commenced  on  the  2<>th.  which  xx'as  to  haxe  begun 
on  the  i Nth;  but  I'ope.  having  learned  the  intended  movement  from 
a  dispatch  to  Stuart,  which  was  captured  by  a  party  ol  the  enemy's 
cavalry,  hastily  retired  across  the  Rappahannock.  (  )n  the  2oth. 
(ieneral  Jackson  crossed  at  Sonu-rv  ille  Kord.  and  bivouacked  for 
the  night  near  Stexensburg  in  Culp  -per  County.  He  was  preced 
ed  by  three  regiments  ol  Robertson's  cavalry  brigade,  aeeom 
panied  by  (  ieneral  Stuart  in  person.  (  >n  the  same  day  Longstreet. 
preceded  by  1-it/.  Lees  brigade  ol  cavalrv.  crossed  lower  doxx  n  at 
Raccoon  I'ord.  and  moved  to  the  vicuutv  ot  Kelley's  Lord  on  the 
Rappahannock.  Robertson's  cavalry  eneoiinteivd  a  superior  force 
ot  the  enemy's  cavalry  near  Br.mdv  Station.  v\  hich  was  drixen 
across  the  Rappahannock.  after  a  sharp  engagement.  Kit/  Lee 
also  encountered  a  force  ot  cavalrv  at  Kelley'.s  l-'ord.  and  drove  it 
across  the  river. 

On  the  _MM.  (  icneral  Jackson  ino\ed  past  Brandy  Station  to 
Beverly  s  !-ord  on  the  Rappahannock.  at  which  point.  Stuart,  xx  ho 
preceded  the  infantry  column  with  Robertson's  brigade  and  txvo 
regiments  of  Kit/  Lee's,  under  Colonel  Rosser.  sent  Rosser  across 
with  his  two  regiments,  ami  Robertson  crossed  subsequently  at  a 
lord  farther  up.  There  was  he, ivy  artillerv  tiring  here  across  the 
river  from  both  sides,  but  the  enemy  appealing  on  the  oj>posite 
bink  in  large  force,  it  xvas  determined  to  seek  a  crossing  farther  to 
our  left  Rosser  and  Robertson  having  been  withdrawn  on  the  ap 
proach  ot  the  enemy  in  force. 

(  )n  the  next  day.  the  JJnd.  (  ieneral  Jackson  crossed  Ha/el  River 
and  moved  to  a  point  opposite  the  Kauquicr  Sulphur  Springs, 
KwelTs  division  being  in  the  advance:  but  Trimble's  brigade  was 
left  near  the  crossing  of  Ha/el  River  to  protect  the  trains  as  they 
passed.  In  the  meantime  Longstreet  had  moved  up  from  Kelley's 
n  order  to  cover  the  ford  at  the  rail-road  bridge  and  the 


to  ma^k  ( "inn-Mi  Jackson'-*  movrnirnt  t- »  the 
left.      Taliafrn-o  had  been  Irtt  with  Jackson's  division  to  COVCT  IMA 

i  until  relieved,  and  there  was  again  some  cannonading  at 
that  point  across  the  river  in  the  morning.  In  die  afternoon,  a  con 
siderable  force  «»i' tin-  ninny  which  had  crossed  at  I-  reeman's  Ford, 
thr  iuiH-iion  of  the  two  streams,  was  attacked  by  Trimble's 
brigade,  support* <1  bv  Hood's  two  brigades,  which  had  arrived  to 
relieve  it.  and,  after  a  severe  conflict.  Trimble  succeeded  in  driving 
the  enemy  across  the  river  with  severe  loss. 

Late  in  the  afternoon,  the  i^th  (Georgia  regiment  of  Lawton's 
brigade,  ami  Brown's  and  Dement's  batteries  were  crossed  over  the 
river  at  the  Sulphur  Springs,  a  small  force  of  cavalry  having  retired 
on  our  advance,  after  destroying  the  bridge.  My  own  brigade  was 
crossed  over  about  a  mile  lower  down,  and  moved  to  the  front, 
where  I  took  |>osition  in  a  body  of  pine  woods.  I  was  told  that 
I-awton  would  cross  with  his  whole  brigade  at  the  Springs,  and  1 
was  directed  to  communicate  with  him.  It  was  intended  that  1  lavs's 
brigade  should  cross  at  the  same  point  at  which  I  crossed,  but  be 
fore  I  got  over  it  was  nearly  night,  and  the  crossing  of  that  brigade 
was  deferred  until  the-  next  morning.  It  was  dark  before  my  bri 
gade  was  in  position  and  pickets  thrown  out.  I  found  on  my  left 
a  road  leading  through  the  woods  from  Rappahannock  Station  to 
the  Springs,  and  as  soon  as  my  dispositions  were  made  I  sent  a 
volunteer  aide.  Major  A.  L.  Pit/er.  to  rind  General  I.awton  at  the 
Springs.  It  was  now  quite  dark  ;  there  had  been  a  heavy  shower 
in  the  afternoon,  and  the  muttering  of  thunder  and  flashing  of  light 
ning  foretold  a  storm.  On  re-aching  the  vicinity  of  the  Springs, 
the  Major  came  upon  a  party  of  cavalry -men,  a  sergeant  and  five 
privates,  to  whom  his  presence  was  disclosed  by  the  flash  of  the 
lightning.  He  was  immediately  made  a  prisoner  and  disarmed, 
when  this  party,  which  passed  up  the  road  just  l>cfore  my  arrival, 
started  back  with  him;  but  he  so  worked  upon  their  tears  that  he 
brought  in  the  whole  party  as  prisoners,  with  their  horses,  arms 
and  equipments.  This  incident  prevented  any  further  effort  to 
communicate  with  General  Lawton  that  night. 

During  the  night,  the  threatened  storm  burst  upon  us.  and  tin- 
rain  poured  down  in  torrents.  At  light  next  morning  I  discovered 
ihe  Rappahannock  out  of  its  banks,  and  I  found  myself  cut  off 
from  the  rest  of  the  army  except  the  force  at  the  Springs.  In  a 


short  time  I  received  a  verbal  message  from  General  Jackson,  by 
a  sergeant  of  one  of  the  batteries  at  the  Springs,  which  had  Ix-en 
communicated  across  the  river ;  and  by  this  I  was  directed  to 
move  up  to  the  Springs,  take  command  of  all  the  forces  there,  and 
make  preparations  lor  defence-.  I  was  also  informed  that  only  the 
i  }th  Georgia,  under  Colonel  Douglas,  of  Lawton's  brigade,  had 
crossed  over  at  the  Springs  :  and  that  ( ieneral  Jackson  was  having 
the  bridge  repaired,  and  would  have  it  in  condition  for  infantry  to 
pass  over  as  soon  as  possible. 

I  had  previously  sent  a  note  to  General  Kwell  or  General  Jack 
son,  whichever  should  be  first  met  with,  suggesting  that  my 
brigade  and  the  force  at  the  Springs  be  moved  up  the  river  to 
Waterloo  bridge,  to  escape  capture,  which  seemed  to  be  inevitable 
under  the  circumstances.  This  had  been  sent  by  a  messenger 
with  directions  to  him  to  swim  the  river,  and.  alter  the  delivery  ol 
the  verbal  message.  I  received  a  note  from  General  Jackson,  in 
reply  to  mine,  in  which  the  verbal  instructions  wen.-  repeated,  and 
1  was  further  directed,  if  the  enemy  appeared  in  too  heavy  force  for 
me,  to  move  up  the  river  along  the  bank  to  Waterloo  bridge,  with 
the  assurance  that  he  would  follow  on  tin- other  side  with  his  whole 
force  and  protect  me  with  his  artillery.  I  moved  up  to  the  Springs 
as  soon  as  practicable,  and  posted  my  brigade  in  a  woods,  a  short 
distance  be-low,  near  which  Colonel  Douglas  had  already  posted 
his  regiment  and  the  battcrie*.  I  found,  north  of  the  Springs,  a 
stream  called  Great  Run.  which  emptied  into  the  Rappahannock 
below  my  position  of  the  night  before,  and  that  \\.ts  also  impassi 
ble,  it  being  fortunately  between  us  and  the  enemy.  A  bridge 
over  it,  which  was  partially  flooded,  had  been  destroyed  by 
Colonel  Douglas,  and  we  were  >ate  tor  a  time  at  lea>t.  Only  a 
small  body  of  cavalry  had  at  that  time  made  its  appearance  on  the 
opposite  side  of  this  stream.  In  order  to  prevent  surprise  from 
below,  two  regiments  wore  posted  on  the  road  from  that  direction, 
and  we  awaited  events  with  great  anxiety.  a>  a  matter  of  course. 
My  greatest  apprehension  was  of  a  movement  of  the  enemy  from 
the  direction  of  Warrenton,  but  fortunately  he  had  no  force  there 
at  that  juncture.  It  took  longer  to  repair  the  bridge  than  had 
been  expected,  and  in  the  meantime  Great  Run  had  fallen  rapidly, 
and  in  the  afternoon  was  in  a  condition  to  be  crossed.  The  enemv 
was  now  moving  up  from  below  in  heavy  force,  on  a  road  that 
ran  beyond  Great  Run  towards  Warrenton.  his  trains  and  troops 


being  partially  visible  t«>  uv  M\  ,  <  unmand  ua>  entirely  concealni 
fnnn  tin-  enemy  by  tlu-  \\inuU  in  which  it  ua>  p»Mcd.  hut  it  \va> 
evident  tli.it  In  \\a^  a\\aiv  «>l  the  tail  that  a  t>  tin  that  Mde 

of  the  n\er.  and  IPMII  the  caution  with  which  lu-  moved  he  must 
have  thought  it  very  much  larger  than  it  really  was. 

The  day  before,  Stuart,  with  his  cavalry,  had  crossed  at  Watcr- 
•  ridge  above,  and  made  a  raid  at  night  into  Pope's  head-quar 
ter  train  near  Catlett's  Station  —he  did  not  however  get  into  his 
•addle. 

He  captured  wh.it  \\a>  Mipposed  to  be  Pope's  uniform,  and  his 
dispatch  book,  besides  making  captures  of  horses  and  prisoners, 
and  then  retired  in  safety  alter  having  created  great  dismay  and 
confusion.  Fortunately  for  us,  he  did  not  capture  General  Pope 
himself.  The  consternation  produced  by  this  raid  doubtless  con- 
tributed  \«  IA  '^i«  atly  to  the  safety  of  mv  command  in  its  isolated 
•  on. 

I  .ate  ii  the  afternoon,  a  heavy  column  of  infantry,  accompanied 
by  artillery,  made  its  appearance  on  the  heights  opposite  my  right 
Hank.  About  this  time,  (fener.il  Rol>ertson,  who  had  Ijeen  on  the 
raid  with  Stuart,  arrived  with  two  or  three  of  his  regiments  and  two 
pieces  of  artillery,  from  the  direction  ot "Warrenton.  and  his  pieces 
were  posted  on  a  ridge  north  of  the  Springs,  and  opened  on  the 
enemy.  This  tire  was  res|x>nded  to  by  some  of  the  enemy's  guns, 
and  1  had  two  Parrot  guns  of  Brown's  battery  sent  to  the  assist 
ance  ol  Robertson's  guns,  when  a  brisk  cannonade  ensued  which 
lasted  until  near  sunset.  Care  had  been  taken  to  post  these  guns 
so  far  to  my  left,  that  the  fire  directed  at  them  could  not  affect  my 
infantry. 

After  this  artillery  firing  ceased,  a  column  of  the  enemy's  infant 
ry  advanced  to  the  bank  of  Great  Run,  just  in  front  of  the  right 
of  the  woods  in  which  my  brigade  was  posted,  and  other  bodies  of 
infantry  were  discovered  moving  around  to  the  left,  though  bare 
ly  visible  through  the  mist  and  approaching  darkness. 

The  column  that  had  reached  Great  Run,  moved  up  and  formed 
line  in  front  of  the  woods  where  my  brigade  was,  and  after  giving 
three  cheers  and  a  tiger  in  regular  style,  poured  a  volley  into  the 
woods.  Two  of  Dement's  Napoleons  were  immediately  run  out 
beyond  my  left,  and  opened  with  cannister  on  the  enemy,  causing 
him  to  change  his  tune  very  suddenly.  The  fire  from  Dement's 


2h 

guns  had  to  be  directed  by  tin-  noise  flie  runny  made,  as  the  at 
mosphere  was  ha/y  and  it  was  getting  (lark.  It  was  so  well  direc 
ted,  however,  that  the  torn-  that  made  the  advance  was  thrown  into 
confusion,  and  soon  retired.  It  w;»s  now  evident  that  my  command 
was  confronted  by  a  .very  heavy  force,  and  that  preparations  were 
bring  made  to  surround  it. 

Another  of  Lawton's  regiments  had  by  this  time  crossed  over  on 
the  bridge,  which  had  been  partially  repaired.  I  sent  a  messenger 
to  r.enerals  Kwell  and  Jackson  t<>  inlonn  them  of  the  condition  of 
things,  and  the  rest  of  Lawton's  brigade  was  crossed  over  alter 
n'ght.  \\'hen  (  ienerai  Lawlon  himself  arrived,  about  I  o'clock  at 
night,  he  inlonncd  me  that  General  Jackson  had  instructed  ( icne- 
ral  Kwell  to  cross  over  him- elf  at  daylight,  and  it  it  was  evident 
that  a  heavy  force  was  confronting  me.  to  withdraw  tin-  two  bri 
gades,  as  it  was  not  desired  to  ha\e  a  geneial  engagement  at  that 
place.  (  )n  hearing  this.  I  immediately  dispatched  .1  messenger  to 
Kwell,  to  inform  him  that  there  was  no  doubt  about  the  si/e  ol  the 
enemv's  force,  and  it  we  were  to  be  withdraw n.  the  withdrawal  had 
better  begin  at  once,  as  by  dav  break  the  nieiny  would,  in  all  prob 
ability,  have  artillerv  in- position  to  command  the  bridge,  the 
sound  ol  moving  \\heels  around  to  my  left  indicating  some  such 
purpose.  A  little  alter  three  o'clock.  ( ienerai  Kwell  cameoxer. 
and  after  consultation  with  (  ienei'aN  I.awt«»n  and  mysell.  gave  the 
necessary  orders  tor  our  withdrawal,  though  \ery  reluctantly,  as 
he  insisted  the  enemy  was  retreating.  I  .aw  I  mi's  brigade  went  tirst, 
carrying  over  the  artillery  bv  hand,  and  my  brigade  followed  just 
as  it  became  fairly  light. 

As  Lwell  and  mvself  rode  ot!  ;u  rear  ot  iu\  brigade,  the  enemy  s 
infantr\'  was  discovered  ad\ aneing  in  line,  with  skirmishers  in  trout, 
and  the  < •<  >rps  <  >t  Sigel.  Hanks,  and  I\eu«  •  >«  ion  passed  over  the  \'ery 
ground  we  had  occupied,  and  to«»k  posit. on  near  the  Springs.  A 
heavv  artillery  duel  then  ensued  betwt-en  the  hatterie-  ol  the  enemy 
and  those  of  Hill's  division  nlii-  h  continued  tor  Nome  hours.  In 
the  atu-rnoon.  Sigel  pursued  an  imaginary  foe  in  the  directicm  ol 
Waterloo  Bridge,  as  all  of  our  cavalry  as  well  as  the  iulaiitry  and 
artillery  had  recrossed  the  river  in  ^aletv. 

(  )n  the  2ist,  Halleck  telegraphed   Tope  : 

"1  have  just  sent  <  ienerai  Burn  side's  reply.  <  ienerai  Cox's  t«  a'i'es 
are  coming  in  from  I'arkersburg,  and  will  be-  here  to-moirou  and 


27 

re\t  day.      I  >is|>nte  every  inch  of  Around,  and  light   like  tin-  devil 
until  we  can   re  inforce  you.      Forts  -right  hours  mon-  and  u 
m.ik«-  s  on  strong  enough.      Don't  yield  an  inrh  if  \  on  ran  In-lp  it." 

the  23d  Pope  telegraphed  Hal  leek  : 

I  lie  enemy's  forces  on  this  side,  which  have  crossed  at  Sulphur 

Springs  and  Hedgeman's  river,  are  cut  off  from  those  on  the  other 

I  march  at  once  with  my  whole  force  on  Sulphur  Springs. 

Waterloo  bridge,  and  Warrenton.  ssith  the  hope  to  destroy  these 

forces  before  the  river  runs  down." 

On  the  24th,  at  3.45  P.  M..  he  wrote  Halleck: 

"I  arrived  in  Warrenton  last  night;  the  enemy  had  left  two 
hours  previously.  Milroy's  brigade,  the  advance  of  Sigel's  corps, 
came  upon  the  enemy  late  yesterday  afternoon  near  (ireat  Run 
about  four  miles  from  Warrenton  Sulphur  Springs,  and  near  the 
mouth  of  it.  A  sharp  action  took  place,  which  lasted  till  dark, 
the  enemy  being  driven  across  (ireat  Run.  but  destroying  tin- 
bridge  behind  him.  Sigel's  forces  advanced  again  on  tin- 
left  this  morning,  and  when  last  heard  Irom  was  pursuing  tin- 
enemy  in  the  direction  of  Waterloo  bridge.  No  force 
of  the  enemy  has  yet  Ix-cn  able  to  cross,  except  that  now  enclosed 
by  our  forces  lx?twecn  Sulphur  Springs  and  Waterloo  bridge, 
which  svill  no  doubt  lx-  captured,  unless  they  Hiui  some  means,  of 
which  I  know  nothing,  of  escaping  across  the  river  between  these 
places.  ' 

From  these  extracts,  it  svill  bo  seen  in  what  a  critical  position 
I  had  been, and  how  well  Pope  understood  the  condition  of  things. 

On  the  23d,  some  of  Longstreet's  batteries,  supported  by  two 
brigades  of  infantry,  had  forced  a  body  of  the  enemy  that  were 
across  the  river  at  Rappahannock  Station,  to  recross  at  that  point 
over  a  pontoon  bridge,  which  was  destroyed  by  the  enemy :  and 
on  the  24th.  the  river  still  being  impassable.  Longstreet's  whole 
force  had  moved  up  to  the  support  of  (ieneral  Jackson's  command. 

The  dispatch  book  captured  by  Stuart  disclosed  the  fact  that 
McClellan's  army  had  evacuated  Harrison's  Landing,  that  a  por 
tion  of  it  had  already  joint  d  Pope,  that  the  remainder  was  being 
s  nt  to  him  over  the  Orange  and  Alexandria  rail-road,  and  that 
Cox's  troops  from  the  Kanawha  Valley  were  being  brought  over 
the  Baltimore  and  Oiiio  rail-road  for  the  same  purpose,  (ieneral 
Lee,  thereto. e,  dcU  rinined  to  send  (ieneral  Jackson  to  the  rear  of 


28 

Pope,  to  break  the   rail-road   and  thus  separate  him  from  tin    .»j 
proaching  re-inforcements,  and  to  lollow  with  Longstreet': 
mand  as  soon  as  General  Jackson- was  well  on  his  way. 

M<>\  LM1AT  T(  )   I'ol'LS   Rl.AK. 

The  necessary  orders  having  been  given  the  «!ay  before,  early 
on  the  morning  of  the  2%sih.  <  icncral  Jackson  mo\ed  with  his  com 
mand  to  Hinson's  Mill,  some  miles  above  Waterloo  Bridge,  and 
crossed  the  river,  called  hen-  Hedgeman's  River.  Then  moving 
by  Orlean,  the  command  reached  the  vicinity  ol  Salem  in  Fauquier 
County,  and  bivouacked  tor  the  night.  All  baggage  \vag<>ns  had 
been  left  behind,  and  n<>  vehicles  were  allowed  except  ordnance 
and  hospital  wagons,  and  ambulances,  the  men  carrying  three 
days'  cooked  rations  in  their  haversacks.  The  jd  Virginia 
cavalry,  under  Colonel  Muntord,  preceded  the  command,  picket 
ing  the  side  roads  as  the  column  passed  on.  Resuming  the  march 
early  on  the  2Mb,  we  passed  White  Plains,  moved  through 
Thoroughfare  <  iap  in  the  Hull  Run  Mountain,  and  passing  Hay- 
market,  reached  '  iamesv  illc,  where  the  Manassas  (iap  rail-road 
crosses  the  Warrenton  turnpike.  Stuart,  witn  the  rest  ot  the 
cavalry  <>t  I*it/  Lee's  and  Robertsons  brigades,  overtook  us  here 
in  the  afternoon,  having  \<-ry  earlx  that  morning  left  the  south 
bank  of  the  Rappahannock.  and  followed  ( ieneral  Jackson's  route. 
From  this  point,  tin-  column  mo\ed  to\\ard>  Hri>toe  Station  on 
the  rail-road,  preceded  by  Muntord'>  regiment,  which  was  fol 
lowed  by  Hays's  brigacie.  ICwell's  (iivision  being  in  the  advance. 
Stuart's  cavalry  moved  on  the  Hank  >o  a>  to  protect  the  column 
from  surprise  or  attack  from  the  direction  of  the  Rappahannock 
or  Warrcnton.  Munford  n-ached  tln->tation  near  night  and  found 
it  guarded  by  a  company  of  cavalry  and  a  company  of  infantry. 
The  cavalry  galloped  off.  but  the  inlantry  took  to  the  houses,  and 
while  Munford's  command  \\.t>  .skirmishing  with  it.  a  train  ap 
proached  from  the  direction  of  the  Kappahannock.  which  he 
endeavored  to  stop  or  throw  from  the  track  by  placing  cross-ties 
in  tront.  but  the  train  ran  over  all  obstacles,  and  escaped  in  the 
direction  of  Manassas.  Hays's  brigade,  under  Colonel  I-'orno.soon 
arrived,  and  two  other  trains  that  were  following  were  stopped 
and  captured  by  it.  Muntord  captured  some  prisoners  and  horses. 
The  attention  ol  (ieneral  Jackson  was  now  directed  to  the  stores 


-" 

and  monitions   at    Ma:  .i><»m  four  miles  from  Bristoe.  where 

:ud   a    large   supply  had    been   collected.      In  regard   to 
its  capture.  I  ;  nil  lark-  ..  :i  \\ords      11-  'Not 

withstanding  tin-  darkness  of  tin-  night,  and  the  fatiguing  inarch 
whicli  \\mild.  MIU •<•  d.i\\n.  be  over  thirty  mile>.  before  reaching  the 
Junction.  1  neral  Trimble  volunteered  to  proceed  there 

forthwith, with  the  2ist  Ni.rtli  Carolina  (Lieutenant  Colonel  Fulton 
commanding    and  2 1 st  Georgia  (Major  Glover  commanding),  in 
all.  about  500  men,  and  capture  the  place.     I  accepted  the  gallant 
•  •  him  orders  to  move  without  delay.     In  order  to 
inspect  of  success.  Major  General  Stuart,  with  a  por- 
ivalry,  was  subsequently  directed  to  move  forward. 
and.  a>  the  ranking  officer,  to  take  command  of  the  expedition. 
This  duty  was  cheerfully  undertaken  by  all  who  were  assigned  to 
i  moxt  promptly  and  successfully  executed.     Notwithstand 
ing  tl  al   fire  of  musketry  and  artillery,  our  infantry  dis- 
<»ps  placed  there  lor  the  defense  of  the  place,  and 
»aptir               it   guns,  with   seventy-two  horses,  equipments,  and 
ammunition  complete,  immense  supplies  of  commissary  and  quar 
termaster  stores,   upwards  of  two    hundred   tents:    and   General 
Trimble  also  reports  the  rapture  of  over  three  hundred  prisoners, 
and  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  horses,  exclusive  of  those  be 
longing  to  the  artillery,  l>esides   recovering  over  two    hundred 
negroes.'     On  the  next  day.  the  27th, 'General  Trimble  occupied, 
with  his  brigade,  the  works  constructed   by  our  troops  the  year 
before. 

Kwell's  ciivision  had  reached  Hristoe  Station  very  late,  and  as 
soon  as  the  place  was  secured  and  the  trains  captured,  the  three 
brigades  left  after  Trimble  was  detached,  were  posted  so  as  to 
cover  the  approaches  along  the  rail -road  from  the  direction  oi 
Warrenton  Junction.  The  other  divisions,  Hill's  and  Jackson's, 
bivouacked  in  the  vicinity,  and  next  morning  were  moved  to  the 
Junction.  Soon  after  their  arrival,  a  body  of  the  enemy  s  infantry 
arrived  on  a  train  from  Alexandria,  and  having  gotten  off  the 
train,  moved  towards  the  Junction  for  the  purpose  of  driving  orT 
the  "raiding  party."  It  was  met  by  the  fire  oi  twci  batteries  and 
several  brigades  of  Hill's  division,  and  driven  back  and  pursued 
for  some  d. stance,  the  train  on  which  it  arrived  being  captured 
and  destroyed,  as  was  the  rail -road  bridge  over  Bull  Run. 


3° 

Kwell  had  been  left  at  Bristoe  Sution.  with  Lawtun's.  Hays's, 
and  my  brigades,  to  guard  the  approach  from  the  direction  of 
\Yarrenton  Junction;  but  with  instructions  to  retire  in  the  direc 
tion  of  Manassas  it  a  superior  force  advanced  against  him,  as  it 
was  not  desired  to  bring  on  a  general  engagement  at  that  point. 
Lawtun's  brigade  was  posted  on  the  left  of  the  rail-road  in  advance 
of  the  station,  Hays's  on  the  right  of  it,  and  mine  to  the  right  of 
Hays's,  but  retired  so  as  to  be  in  echelon  with  it.  The  batteries 
were  posted  so  as  to  command  the  front  and  Hanks.  Rosser,  with 
his  regiment  of  cavalry,  was  on  out-post  duty  on  our  right  Hank. 
Colonel  Korno,  with  SOUK-  of  his  regiments,  was  sent  on  the  morn 
ing  of  this  day,  to  destroy  the  bridge  over  Kettle  Run  and  tear 
up  the  rail-road  back  towards  the  Station.  He  found  a  train  ol 
cars  beyond  Kettle  Run.  which  had  just  brought  up  a  body  ot 
infantry,  but  a  tew  shots  from  a  piece  of  artillery  he  had  with  him. 
soon  sent  the  train  back.  He  then  left  one  regiment  on  picket  in 
front,  and  set  another  to  tearing  up  the  track  of  the  rail-road. 

It  was  thus  that,  while  Pope  had  been  resolutely  looking  to  the 
trout,  without  thought  tor  his  line  of  retreat  or  base  of  supplies, 
General  Jackson  had  suddenly  got  on  his  line  of  retreat  and  cut 
him  oft  from  his  base  of  supplies.  As  may  \\ell  be  conceived,  this 
state  ot  things  created  great  confusion  at  Pope's  head -quarters, 
and  great  consternation  and  dismay  at  Washington. 

Pope  at  first  supposed  it  was  a  mere  cavalry  raid  in  small  force, 
and  caused  one  ot  his  aides  to  send  to  Heint/elman,  who  had  now 
joined  him.  the  ioll«»\\ing  order:  "  The  Major  General  command 
ing  the  army  ot  Virginia  directs  me  to  send  yon  the  enclosed 
communication,  and  to  request  that  you  put  a  regiment  on  a  train 
ot  cars  and  send  it  down  immediately  to  Manassas,  to  ascertain 
what  lias  occurred,  repair  the  telegraph  wires,  and  protect  the 
rail-road  there  until  further  orders." 

He  was,  however,  soon  undeceived,  and  thought  perhaps  it 
would  be  well  to  pay  some  attention  to  ///\  own  line  ot  retreat,  and 
leave  ours  to  take  can-  of  itself.  He  had  now  a  very  forcible  illus 
tration  of  the  truth  of  his  own  declaration,  that  "disaster  and 
shame  lurk  in  the  re.tr." 

Reynolds's  division  of  Pennsylvania  Reserves,  and  Heint/el- 
man's  and  Porter's  corps  from  McClellan's  army,  and  Piatt's 
brigade  of  Sturgis's  division  from  Washington,  had  joined  Pope 


•re    tins    time.      Othei    trm»ps   had   evidmtlx    arrixed.   tor   in   a 
:   to  1  lailrck.  dated  tlu-  25th.  1'ope  >aid  :    "The  troops  aiming 
here  o.me  in   travimentN.      .Am  1  to  assign   tlu-in  to  brigades   and 
1    Ufiild   suppoM-    not.  a-   ^-M-ral   ol   the   nexx     regiments 
have  been  assigned   to  army  corps  directlv   irom   your 


In  his  official  report,  he  says: 

*'  As  was  to  be  expected,  under  such  riivuinManrrs.  the  num 
bers  of  the  army  under  mv  command  hail  been  greatly  reduced 
by  death,  by  wound-  is,  and  by  fatigue,  so  that,  on  the 

morning  of  the   271!  ^ust.  I  estimated   my  whole  effective 

force  (,and  I  think  the  estimate  was  large)  as  follows:  Sigel's 
corps,  nine  thousand  Banks'*  corps,  five  thousand;  McDowell's 
corps,  i  Deluding  Reynolds"*  division,  fifteen  thousand  live  him 
divd  :  Krij.  •  x  .-orps,  seven  thousand:  the  corps  of  Heint/elman 
and  Porte  tlie  freshest,  by  far,  in  that  army.)  about  eighteen 
thousand  men;  making  in  all  fifty-four  thousand  five  hundred 
men.  Our  cavalry  numbered,  on  paper,  about  four  thousand  ; 
but  their  horses  were  completely  broken  down,  and  there  \\ere 
not  five  hundred  men.  all  told,  capable  of  doing  such  service  as 
should  IK-  expected  from  cavalry," 

His  own  official  return  of  the  3ist  of  July  had  shown  41,140  in 
fantry  and  artillery  present  for  duty  on  that  day,  after  the  deduc 
tion  for  the  troops  at  Winchester  and  Front  Royal,  and  Reno  had 
joined  him  with  8,000  men.  making  49,140.  Piatt's  brigade  num 
bered  3.500,  according  to  Pope's  testimony  on  the  trial  of  General 
Porter;  Reynolds's  division  numbered  2,500  when  it  joined  him  ; 
and  putting  Heint/elman's  and  Porter's  corps  at  18,000  —  though. 
on  the  20th  of  July,  according  to  McClellan's  official  return  of  that 
day.  they  numbered  37,353  aggregate  for  duty—  and  Pope's  force 
of  infantry  and  artillery  should  have  been  73,140  effectives,  with 
out  counting  the  new  regiments  he  mentions.  There  must,  there 
fore,  have  been  a  loss  of  18,640.  Of  that  loss,  6,400  may  be  attri 
buted  to  the  confused  state  of  Banks's  mind,  and.  I  presume,  3,000 
more  to  the  loss  at  Cedar  Run.  What  became  of  the  balance? 

His  cavalry,  on  the  3ist  of  July,  numbered  8,738,  with  3,000 
unfit  for  service  ;  but  it  now  numbered  only  4,000  on  paper,  with 
3,500  unfit  for  cavalry  service.  What  had  become  of  the  other 
4,738? 


1  can't  understand  ho\v  the  Federal  armies  always  numbered  so 
large  on  paper,  and  so  small  in  the  field,  as  was  generally  the  case 
according  to  their  commanders. 

In  the  afternoon  of  the  27th.  a  considerable  force,  which  came 
up  from  the  direction  of  Warrenton  Junction,  anil  proved  to  be 
Hooker's  division  of  Heintzelman's  corps,  moved  across  Kettle 
Run  against  our  advanced  regiments  at  Bristoe.  One  or  two 
columns,  apparently  of  brigades,  were  driven  back,  when  the  enemy 
commenced  moving  towards  our  right,  over  open  ground  beyond 
the  range  of  our  guns,  and  the  force  which  came  in  view  was 
evidently  much  larger  than  the  force  F.wcll  then  had. 

He,  therefore,  in  accordance  with  his  instructions,  ordered  a  with 
drawal,  and  directed  me  to  cover  that  withdrawal  with  my  brigade. 
Lawton's  and  Hays's  brigades  were  successively  withdrawn  in  good 
order,  and  then  my  brigade  was  withdrawn,  taking  successive  lines 
of  battle  back  to  the  ford  on  Broad  Run  near  the  rail-road  bridge- 
Kawton  s  brigade  had  first  crossed  the  Run  and  formed  line  of 
battle  on  the  north  bank,  \\ith  some  batteries  in  position,  and  then 
Hays's  brigade  crossed  and  uas  ordered  to  Manassas. 

All  the  artillery  was  safely  withdrawn,  a  part  crossing  at  a  ford 
several  hundred  yards  above  the  bridge,  where  also  one  of  mv 
regiments  crossed.  My  brigade  uas  then  crossed,  its  rear  being 
covered  by  Colonel  Walker's  regiment  deployed  as  skirmishers. 

As  soon  as  my  brigade  was  over,  it  was  moved  about  a  mile 
towards  Manassas,  by  ol  order  <  ieneral  Kwell,  and  formed  in  line  of 
battle  across  the  road,  on  high  ground,  in  full  view  of  the  enemy, 
whose  advance  had  no\\  reached  the  station,  (ieneral  Kwell  then 
moved  back  through  my  line  with  Ka\\  ton's  brigade,  and  directed 
me  to  remain  in  position  until  orders  were  sent  to  me  to  retire,  and 
to  move  one  or  two  <»f  my  regiments  from  the  flanks  alternately 
with  colors  elevated,  so  as  to  present  the  appearance  of  the  arrival 
of  re-inforcements. 

This  was  clone,  and  the  enemy  did  not  advance  farther.  Tin 
rail-road  bridge  and  the  captured  trains  had  been  destroyed  in  the 
morning. 

Shortly  after  dark,  under  orders  from  (ieneral  Kwell,  I  moved 
to  Manassas  to  re-join  the  division. 

Our  loss  in  this  affair  was  light  :  and  this  is  the  occasion  on 
which  Pope  elaims  that  Hooker's  division  drove  K  well's  back  along 
the  rail-road. 


33 

at  the  Junction,  my  men  tilled  their  haversacks  with 
hard  bread  and  salt  meat,  the  other  troops  having  appropriated 
the  p:  of  a  more  enticing  character.  After  broiling  enough 

of  the  salt  meat  to  satisfy  the  hunger  with  which  the  men  were 
oppressed,  the  brigade  was  moved  out  on  the  plains  towards  Black 
burn's  Ford  on  Bull  Run,  and  bivouacked.     The  other  brigades 
ked  at  intervals  on  the  road  to  the  same  ford. 

I  hiring  the  night  Stuart  set  tire  to  the  cars  and  the  stores  that 
could  not  be  carried  off,  and  they  were  destroyed,  amid  a  terrible 
•n  of  shells  that  were  in  some  of  the  cars. 

In  the  early  part  of  the  night,  General  Taliaferro  moved  with 
Jackson's  division  and  all  the  trains  of  the  command  on  the 
Smiley  road,  across  the  Warrenton  turnpike  to  the  vicinity  of  the 
battlefield  of  first  Manassas,  and  at  one  o'clock  at  night  General 
Hill  moved  with  his  division  to  Centreville.  Very  early  on  the 
morning  of  the  28th,  General  Kwell  moved  with  his  division  across 
Bull  Run  at  Blackburn's  Ford,  and  then  up  the  Run  to  the  vicinity 
of  Stone  Bridge,  and  there  crossed  over  and  joined  Jackson's 
division.  Hill's  division  subsequently  came  up  from  Centreville. 
and  the  whole  command  was  re-united  north  of  the  Warrenton 
turnpike,  and  facing  it.  These  movements  had  been  covered  by 
portions  of  the  cavalry,  and  were  designed  to  mislead  the  enemy, 
in  which  object  there  was  perfect  success, 

On  the  2jth,  Fitz  Lee.  with  three  regiments  of  his  brigade, 
went  on  a  raid  around  by  Fairfax  C.  H.  to  Burke's  Station  on  the 
rail-road,  and  did  not  return  until  the  afternoon  of  the  29th. 

On  the  27th,  Pope  commenced  the  movement  of  his  troops  to 
the  rear,  for  the  purpose  of  looking  after  his  line  of  communica 
tions.  McDowell's  and  Sigel's  corps  moved  along  the  Warrenton 
turnpike  in  the  direction  of  Gainesville,  while  the  other  corps 
moved  on  his  right  towards  Manassas  and  Bristoe.  In  the  mean 
time,  Longstreet  had  crossed  the  river  at  Hinson's  mill  on  the  26th, 
and  was  following  the  same  route  taken  by  General  Jackson,  An 
derson,  who  had  arrived  with  his  division,  having  relieved  Long- 
street  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Rappahannock.  Longstreet  reach 
ed  White  Plains  on  the  2;th.  and  on  the  morning  of  the  28th  his 
advance  reached  Thoroughfare  Gap,  where  a  part  of  McDowell's 
force  was  posted  to  dispute  his  passage. 


He  succeeded,  however,  in  forcing  a  passage,  by  sending  a  force 
directly  on  the  road  through  the  Gap,  while  other  troops  were 
p.issed  over  the  Mountain  on  the  north  or  left  of  the  Gap,  so  as  to 
turn  the  flank  of  the  enemy  :  and  a  part  of  his  command  passed 
through  the  Gap  that  evening. 

Rosser,  with  his  regiment,  was  on  the  south  of  the  turnpike, 
watching  the  enemy  from  the  direction  of  Manassas,  and  Colonel 
Brien  with  the  ist  Virginia  Cavalry  was  on  the  turnpike  watching 
in  the  direction  oi  Gainesville,  while  Colonel  Bradley  T.  Johnson, 
in  command  ot  Jones's  brigade  oi  Jackson  s  division,  was  near 
Groveton  with  the  brigade,  picketing  the  turnpike  in  the  direction 
of  Gainesville,  and  a  road  leading  from  Bristoe  Station  across  the 
turnpike  towards  Sudley.  Stuart,  with  portions  of  Robertson's  and 
Fit/  Lee's  brigades,  this  day  moved  to  our  right  to  Haymarket. 
where  he  had  a  skirmish  with  a  body  of  the  enemy  while  Long- 
street's  troops  were  engaged  in  Thoroughfare  Gap. 

1  he  main  body  ot  Popes  troops  \\ere  now  converging  on 
Manassas.  where  he  expected  to  find  General  Jackson's  force  and 
destroy  it.  Here  is  what  he  says  in  his  report  :  "  At  ^  o'clock  <>n 
the  night  of  the  2;th,  satisfied  of  Jackson's  position.  1  sent  orders 
to  General  McDowell  to  push  forward  .it  the  very  earliest  dawn  ot 
day  towards  Manassas  Junction  from  Gainesville,  resting  his  right 
on  the  Manassas  Gup  rail-road,  and  throning  his  left  well  to  tin- 
east.  1  directed  General  Reno  to  march  at  the  .same  hour  from 
Greenwich,  direct  upon  Manassas  Junction,  and  Knrnes  to  march 
at  the  same  hour  upon  Bristow.  This  hitter  order  was  sent  to 
Kearney  to  render  my  right  at  Bristow  perfectly  set  HIT  against  the 
probable  movement  of  Jackson  in  that  direction.  Kearney  arrived 
at  Bristow  about  S  o'clock  in  the  morning.  Reno  being  oil  the  left, 
and  marching  direct  upon  Manassas  Junction.  1  immediately  pushed 
Kearney  forward  in  pursuit  of  Kwell.  towards  Manassas.  followed 
by  Hooker." 

But  the  bird  he  expected  to  trap  had  flown,  and  Pope  ther. 
directed  his  troops  to  move  on  Centre ville. 

McDowell  in  moving  towards  Manassas  had  his  left  on  the  turn 
pike,  and  in  the  forenoon  the  advance  on  that  flank  appeared  in 
front  of  Johnson,  when  there  was  some  skirmishing  and  fighting 
with  it,  in  which  artillery  was  used.  Rosser  also  had  some  skir 
mishing,  and  used  some  artillery  borrowed  from  Johnson  on  some- 
trains  that  wen  discovered  moving  in  the  direction  of  Manassas. 


Tin-  approach  of  tht-  eiu-my  having  ix-cn  report^  sieral 

•n.  he  made  preparations  lor  attacking  him.  upon  the  sup 
position  that  he  would  move  along  the  turnpike  in  the  direction  of 
C'entreville.  but  discovering,  late  in  the  afternoon,  that  the  enemy 
irning  off  in  the  direction  of  Manassas  before  reaching  our 
front,  three  brigades  of  Jackson's  division  were  moved  to  the  right. 
through  a  body  of  woods  and  across  a  track  that  had  been  graded 
and  excavated  for  a  rail-road,  into  some  fields  beyond,  near  Braw- 
ner's  house.  These  brigades  were  closely  followed  by  Ewell's 
division,  Lawton's  and  Trimble's  brigades  being  moved,  under 
General  Ewell's  immediate  command,  out  into  the  fields  and  form 
ed  on  the  left  of  the  brigades  of  Jackson's  division,  while  my  own 
brigade  and  Hays's  were  held  in  reserve,  under  my  command,  in 
the  edge  of  the  woods,  with  the  left  ol  each  brigade  near  the  rail 
road  grade,  Hays's  being  in  the  rear  of  mine.  Johnson  hail  retired 
from  his  position  near  Groveton,  but  had  not  rejoined  Jackson's 
division.  The  line,  as  now  formed,  was  parallel  to  the  turnpike, 
and  just  before  sunset  a  column  of  the  enemy  commenced  moving 
past,  when  the  three  brigades  of  Jackson's  division  and  the  two 
with  Ewell  advanced  to  the  attack.  And  obstinate  and  sanguina 
ry  engagement  ensued,  which  lasted  until  after  dark,  artillery  as 
well  as  infantry  being  used  on  both  sides. 

At  the  close  of  the  engagement,  both  sides  maintained  their 
ground,  the  enemy  consisting  of  King's  division  of  McDowell's 
corps  which  was  bringing  up  the  rear  of  McDowell's  left,  having 
been  heavily  re-inforced.  An  artillery  fire  was  kept  up  for  some 
time,  but  during  the  night  King's  division  retired.  The  loss  was 
heavy  on  both  sides.  The  two  brigades  with  me  were  not  engaged, 
but  were  ordered  to  advance  by  (ieneral  Jackson  just  before  the 
close  of  the  action,  and  my  own  brigade  was  exposed  to  a  severe- 
shelling  as  it  moved  into  position  near  the  left  of  Trimble's  brigade. 
The  advance  on  our  part  had  ceased  by  this  time,  as  the  darkness, 
coupled  with  the  nature  of  the  ground  in  front,  rendered  such  ad 
vance  very  hazardous.  Rosser  had  taken  position  on  Talialerro's 
right,  with  his  cavalry  regiment,  and  rendered  very  efficient  service. 
Stuart  had  returned  from  Haymarket,  but  did  not  reach  the  right 
of  the  line  until  the  fighting  was  over.  None  of  Hill's  troops  wen- 
engaged,  but  some  of  his  brigades  were  moved  up  to  the  vicinity 
of  the  battlefield,  though  they  did  not  arrive  to  within  supporting 
distance  until  alter  the  close  of  the  engagement.  Generals  Kwi-11 


and  Taliaferro  were  wounded,  the  former  having  to  suffer  amputa 
tion  ot'a  leg.  (ieneral  Lawton  now  succeeded  to  the  command  of 
Kwell's  divisiun.  and  General  Starke  to  the  command  of  Jackson's 

Division. 

Karly  on  the  morning  of  the  2o,th.  the  enemy  began  to  approach 
in  heavy  force  from  the  direction  of  Manassa>  and  Centreville,  it 
having  been  discovered  that  General  Jackson  was  not  to  be  found 
at  either  point.  To  meet  the  approaching  forces,  our  troops  were 
at  first  moved  from  the  positions  they  occupied  at  the  close  oi  tin- 
action  the  night  before,  and  formed  in  line  on  a  ridge  which  the 
rail-road  grade  crossed,  with  Kwcll's  division  on  the  right.  Hill's 
on  the  left,  and  [ackson's  in  the  centre.  In  this  position  our  line 
crossed  the  rail-road  grade,  with  the  right  resting  near  the  turnpike- 
and  the  left  extending  towards  Sudley.  Then-  was  some  artillery 
tiring  from  the  enemy,  at  long  range,  at  this  time.  Stuart  again 
moved  out  in  the  direction  of  Haymarket  and  Gainesville  with  the 
cavalry.  As  soon  as  the  enemy's  movements  began  to  be  devel 
oped,  Cieneral  Jackson  re-arranged  his  line  so  as  to  conform  to 
them.  Jackson's  division,  under  Starke.  was  formed  on  the  right 
in  the  woods  through  which  the  rail-road  grade  ran.  a  little  in  rear 
of  that  grade.  Mill's  division  on  the  left,  with  the  brigades  of  Fit-Id. 
Thomas  and  Gregg  in  the  front  line  on  the  rail-mad  grade,  and 
Archer's.  Fender's  and  Branch's  in  their  rear  as  supports,  and 
Lawton's  and  Trimble's  brigades  of  Kwell's  division  in  the  centre. 
Trimble's  brigade  taking  position  on  the  rail -road  grade,  while 
Lawton's.  under  Colonel  Douglas,  was  in  the  rear  in  the  \\oods. 
My  own  and  Hays's  brigades,  under  my  command,  \\ere  moved 
about  a  mile  to  the  rear  of  the  right  of  the  line,  and  posted  on  a 
ridge  on  the  west  side  of  a  road  called  the  Pageland  road,  which 
crosses  the  \\  arrenton  turnpike.  This  position  commanded  a  \  ieu 
of  the  turnpike  in  In  nt  and  large  fields  between  it  and  the  turnpike 
as  well  as  the  Pageland  road  on  the  left.  A  considerable  force  ol 
the  enemy  had  been  reported  by  the  cavalry  to  be  advancing  on 
the  road  from  Manassas  towards  Gainesville,  thus  threatening  our 
right  Hank  and  rear,  and  my  orders  were  to  watch  that  force  and 
hold  it  in  check.  A  battery  of  artillery  had  accompanied  my  com 
mand,  and  was  posted  so  as  to  command  the  ground  in  front,  the 
1 3th  and  ;,ist  Virginia  regiments  being  posted  by  General  fackson. 
in  person,  beyond  the  turnpike  in  my  form,  in  order  to  apprise  me 
of  the  approach  of  the  enemy. 


-  command  was  now  known  to  be  approaching  from 
tin  direction  of  Thoroughfare  Gap,  and  the  object  of  posting  me 
in  thi.s  position  was  to  keep  open  communication  with  him,  as  well 
as  to  protect  our  right  and  rear. 

Several  batteries  irom  E  well's  and  Jackson's  divisions  were  post 
ed  behind  the  crest  of  the  ridge,  in  the  fields  on  the  right  of  the 
line,  and  the  batteries  of  Hill's  division  were  posted  on  a  ridge  in 
some  fields  in  rear  of  the  left  of  his  front  line  of  infantry, — the  na 
ture  of  the  ground  beyond  that  flank  over  which  the  rail-road  grade 
ran,  rendering  that  grade  an  unsafe  line  to  occupy,  as  the  slope 
was  towards  Hill's  position,  and  the  grade  here  ran  through 
fields. 

The  manoeuvring  of  General  Jackson,  after  he  got  upon  Pojje's 
line  of  communications  to  the  rear,  upon  the  approach  of  the 
enemy,  furnishes  an  exhibition  of  what  is  known  as  "Grand  Tactics" 
which  is  unsurpassed  in  the  annals  of  war.  By  his  movements,  he 
had  completely  baffled  Pope's  eflforts  to  crush  him  with  a  vastly 
superior  force,  and  bewildered  him  as  to  his  own  locality,  until  he 
had  placed  his  command  in  a  strong  position,  where  it  could  be 
joined  by  Longstreet's  approaching  forces,  and  the  army  be  thus 
re-united  under  General  Lee. 

But  Pope  was  not  the  only  one  that  General  Jackson  had  mysti 
fied  on  this  occasion,  and  to  show  the  bewilderment  of  the  author 
ities  in  and  about  Washington,  a  few  extracts  from  the  official  dis 
patches  are  given. 

McClellan  had  arrived  at  Alexandria  on  the  night  of  the  26th, 
and  on  the  2jth  he  telegraphed  Heintzelman  and  Porter,  though 
the  telegram  was  not  received,  perhaps : 

"Where  are  you,  and  what  is  the  state  of  affairs — what  troops 
in  your  front,  right  and  left  ?  Sumner  is  now  landing  at  Aquia. 
Where  is  Pope's  left,  and  what  of  enemy  ?  Enemy  burned  Bull 
Run  bridge  last  night  with  cavalry  force." 

On  the  28th.  Halleck  telegraphed  McClellan  : 

"I  think  you  had  better  place  Sumner's  corps,  as  it  arrives,  near 
the  guns,  and  particularly  at  the  Chain  Bridge.  The  principal 
thing  to  be  feared  now  is  a  cavalry  raid  into  this  city,  especially  in 
the  night  time.  Use  Cox's  and  Tyler's  brigades,  and  the  new 
troops  for  the  same  object,  if  you  need  them." 


On  the  29th,  he  telegraphed  McClellan  : 

"Meagher's  brigade  ordered  up  yesterday.  Fitzhugh  Lee  was, 
it  is  said  on  good  authority,  in  Alexandria  on  Sunday  last  lor 
three  hours." 

On  same  day,  Mr.  Lincoln  telegraphed  McClellan  : 

"What  news  from  direction  of  Manassas  Junction  ?  What  gen 
erally  ?" 

On  same  day,  McClellan  telegraphed  Halleck  : 

"Colonel  \\"agner,  2nd  New  York  artillery,  has  just  come  in 
from  the  front.  He  reports  infantry  and  cavalry  force  of  rebels 
near  Fairfax  Court  House.  Reports  rumors  from  various  sources 
that  Lee  and  Stuart,  with  large  forces,  are.it  Manass.i.s.  That  the 
enemy,  with  i20,(xx>  men  intend  advancing  on  the  lorts  near 
Arlington  and  Chain  Bridge,  with  a  view  of  attacking  Washing 
ton  and  Baltimore.' 

Kven  Burnside,  down  at  Falmouth  opposite  Fredericksburg, 
had  got  badly  scared,  and  at  0  1*.  M.  on  the  2gth,  telegraphed 
Halleck  : 

"A  large  body  of  the  enemy  reported  opposite.  I  am  prepar 
ing,  and  will  hold  the  place  until  the  last.  The  only  lear  1  have, 
is  a  lorce  coming  from  Manassas  [unction." 

SFCONI)   BATTLK  OF   MANASSAS. 

Karly  in  the  day.  on  the  29th,  the  enemy  opened  a  heavy  fire 
of  artillery  on  ( ieneral  Jackson's  right,  and  it  was  vigorously 
responded  to  by  our  batteries  on  that  Hank,  which  were  moved  to 
the  trout  tor  tlu;  purpose,  when  a  fierce  cannonade  ensued  that 
lasted  for  several  hours.  The  enemy  also  pushed  forward  col 
umns  <>!  infantry,  on  our  left,  into  a  body  of  woods  that  bordered 
on  thc>  rail-road  grade  all  along  the  front  of  that  portion  occupied 
by  our  troops.  There  ensued  a  good  deal  of  desultory  fighting  on 
that  part  of  the  line,  in  which  the  brigades  of  Thomas.  Gregg 
and  Branch  were  principally  engaged  on  our  side,  and  Sigel  s 
corps  on  the  other  side  -the  latter  being  finally  driven  from  our 
iront  about  noon. 

In  tin-  meantime,  about  or  a  little  before  n  A.  M.  the  head  ol 
Long-street's  command,  composed  of  Hood's  two  brigades,  was 
seen  advancing  along  the  turnpike  in  my  front,  in  line  of  battle, 


and  the  rest  of  the  command  soon  came  following  close  in  the 
IT,  when  the  whole  commenced  taking  position  on  both  sides  of 
the  turnpike,  and  to  the  rear  of  Jackson's  right. 

It  was  very  apparent  to  me  now,  that  the  purpose  for  which  I 
had  been  posted  at  the  point  I  occupied  had  been  completely  sub 
served  by  the  interposition  of  Longstreet's  forces  between  me  and 
the  force  of  the  enemy  reported  to  be  advancing  in  that  direction 
from  Manassas,  and  that  there  was  no  further  need  for  my  pres 
ence  there.  I  therefore  determined  to  withdraw,  without  waiting 
for  orders,  and  move  to  the  left,  where  1  was  satisfied  there  was 
need  for  the  two  brigades  under  me.  Hays's  brigade  was  at  once 
sent  to  the  left  to  rejoin  the  division,  and  I  proceeded  to  withdraw 
my  two  regiments  from  the  front,  which  had  been  skirmishing, 
during  the  morning,  with  small  bodies  of  the  enemy  that  approach 
ed  them.  As  soon  as  they  arrived,  I  moved  the  brigade  to  the 
woods  in  rear  of  the  centre  of  our  line  on  the  rail -road  grade, 
and  reported  to  General  Lawton.  The  brigade  was  here  held 
in  reserve  for  some  time,  having  been  joined  on  its  left  by  the  8th 
Louisiana  regiment  of  Hays's  brigade,  which  had  not  been  with 
its  brigade  during  the  morning. 

In  the  afternoon,  the  enemy  concentrated  large  bodies  of  infantry 
in  the  woods  in  front  of  Hill's  position,  and  after  a  fierce  artillery 
tire  from  numerous  batteries  on  that  flank,  which  was  responded 
to  with  effect  by  Hill's  batteries,  the  enemy's  columns  of  infantry 
advanced  against  the  |>osition  on  the  rail -road  grade  occupied  by 
Hill's  brigades,  when  a  fierce  and  obstinate  engagement,  or  rather 
series  of  engagements  ensued,  which  lasted  until  very  late  in  the 
afternoon.  The  troops  most  .heavily  engaged  on  this  part  of  the 
line,  were  the  brigades  of  Gregg.  Thomas,  and  Field,  but  the  other 
brigades  of  Hill's  division  went  to  their  support  and  became  also 
heavily  engaged  at  different  periods.  The  attacks  of  the  enemy 
were  persistent  and  repeated  several  times,  new  columns  moving 
forward  when  others  had  been  repulsed.  General  McGowan.  who 
subsequently  succeeded  to  the  command  of  Gregg's  brigade,  and 
General  Hill,  report  that  there  were  seven  separate  and  distinct 
attacks  made  at  this  point.  In  one  of  these  attacks,  a  force  of  the 
enemy  succeeded  in  penetrating  a  short  uncovered  interval  between 
< Gregg's  right  and  Thomas's  left,  but  was  repulsed  after  a  fierce 
struggle,  in  which  at  one  time  the  fire  of  the  opposing  forces  was 
delivered  at  ten  paces.  Hays's  brigade,  under  Colonel  Forno, 


4° 

went  to  the  assistance  of  Hill's  brigades  soon  after  its  arrival  from 
the  right  and  aided  nio^t  gallantly  in  repulsing  the  enemy.  Far 
ther  to  the  right,  the  enemy  at  another  time  succeeded  in  cross 
ing  the  rail-road  grade,  when  the  brigades  under  Johnson  and 
Stafford,  respectively,  moved  forward  to  the  attack,  drove  this 
force  back  and  crossed  the-  grade  in  pursuit.  The  brigade  under 
Johnson  captured  a  piece  of  artillery  and  the  two  then  returned 
to  their  former  positions. 

About  or  a  little  alter  4  P.  M.,the  enemy  made  his  seventh  and 
last  assault  upon  Gregg  and  Thomas  with  great  lurv.  when,  after 
a  fierce  struggle,  their  ammunition  having  become  exhausted,  they 
retired  a  short  distance  to  the  rear  \\ith  the  determination  of  using 
the  bayonet.  The  enemy  then  crossed  the  rail-road  grade,  which 
at  this  point  had  a  very  deep  cut.  and  occupied  a  skirt  ol  woods 
adjoining  it.  Just  at  this  time,  one  ol  (  ,cncral  Hill's  couriers 
came  to  me,  \\ith  the  information  that  the  two  brigades  had  been 
compelled  to  tall  back  from  want  of  ammunition,  and  that  the 
enemy  was  in  possession  ot  the  rut.  and  requested  me  to  go  to 
the  support  ol  Gregg  and  Thomas  and  recover  their  position,  at 
the  same-  time  informing  me  thai  the  orders  \veic  n<>t  to  cross  the 
line  of  the  grade,  but  to  hold  that  line. 

I  immediately  moved  forward  \\ith  my  brigade  and  the  Sth 
Louisiana,  through  an  open  field  in  front,  and.  being  joined  by  the 
1 3th  Georgia  on  mv  right,  which  was  preparing  to  move  forward, 
passed  the  brigades  of  ( iregg  and  Thomas,  and  attacked  the  enemy. 
After  a  very  brief  struggle  the  enemy  was  driven  across  the  cut. 
and  the  brigade,  without  having  halted,  followed  in  pursuit  some 
two  hundred  yards  beyond  the  grade,  before  I  succeeded  in  stop 
ping  it.  It  was  then  moved  back  and  occupied  the  position  from 
which  Gregg  and  Thomas  had  retired.  The  i;,th  Georgia  on  my 
right  and  the  Sth  Louisiana  on  my  left,  had  crossed  at  the  same 
time  with  my  brigade.  Alter  our  return,  the  enemy  opened  a  furi 
ous  tire  from  the  front  with  cannister.  but  made  no  further  advance 
with  infantry. 

This  was  the  last  attack  on  Jackson's  line  on  the  291)1.  and  the 
enemy  had  been  defeated  and  foiled  in  all  of  his  attacks.  His 
troops  engaged  in  these  assaults  in  the  afternoon,  were  the  corps 
oi  Heintzelman  and  Reno,  supported  by  Reynolds's  division  on 
their  left— Sigel's  corps  had  been  so  badly  worsted  m  the  forenoon 
that  it  was  not  able  to  unite  in  these  attacks. 


41 

Lee  had  ordered  1  ..m^treet  to  attack  the  eneim  '>  left, 
on  his  arrival  on  the  held  about   noon,  but  the  latter,  according  to 
his  <>\\n  statements  of  recent  date,  had  inM>ted  mi  taking  time  to 
nnoitre. 

S.  une  of  his  batteries,  however,  were  placed  in  position,  and 
opened  on  the  enemy,  who  withdrew  from  his  immediate  front. 
Hood's  brigades  then  took  position  across  the  Warrenton  turnpike, 
west  of  Groveton,  and  were  supported  by  Evans's  brigade.  YVil- 
cox,  with  three  brigades  under  him.  took  position  on  the  north  of 
the  turnpike,  in  rear  of  Hood's  left,  and  Kemper,  with  three  other 
brigades,  took  position  on  the  south  of  the  turnpike,  in  rear  of 
Hood's  right,  while  D.  R.  Jones,  with  three  other  brigades,  was 
posted  on  the  Manassas  Gap  rail-road,  to  the  right  of  Kemper,  and 
in  echelon  with  respect  to  him.  A  number  of  Longstreet's  batter 
ies  were  now  posted  on  a  commanding  position  between  General 
Jackson's  right  and  Longstreet's  line,  and  engaged  in  the  pending 
artillery  duel  with  those  of  the  enemy.  The  advance  of  the  enemy 
on  the  right  from  the  direction  of  Manassas.  which  was  made  by 
Porter's  corps,  having  been  reported.  Wilcox's  brigades  were  sent 
to  re-inforce  Jones,  but  the  enemy  retired  after  firing  a  few  shots, 
and  Wilcox  returned  to  his  former  position.  Stuart,  who  confront 
ed  Porter's  corps  with  his  cavalry,  on  the  road  from  Manassas  to 
Gainesville,  had  amused  himself  by  having  brush  dragged  up  and 
down  the  road  from  the  direction  of  Gainesville,  to  raise  a  dust, 
occasionally  varying  the  amusement  by  firing  a  shot  or  two  from 
his  artillery  in  the  direction  of  the  enemy.  Fitz  Lee  returned  in 
the  afternoon  from  his  raid  on  the  enemy's  communications  in  the 
direction  of  Alexandria,  and  took  position  on  our  left  near  Sudlcy 
Mills,  to  protect  the  trains,  which  had  been  endangered  during  the 
day. 

About  sunset.  General  Longstreet  ordered  Hood  to  advance 
with  his  two  brigades,  supported  by  Evans's,  along  the  turnpike 
and  attack  the  enemy,  but  before  Hood  moved  he  was  himself  at 
tacked  by  a  column  of  the  enemy  which  was  moving  along  the 
turnpike  in  the  direction  of  Gainesville. 

McDowell's  corps,  which  had  been  with  Porter's  on  the  road 
from  Manassas  to  Gainesville,  had  moved  to  the  right  and  taken 
position  on  Pope's  left.  and.  about  sunset,  Pope  ordered  McDowell 
to  push  out  on  the  turnpike  towards  Gainesville  and  cut  off  Jack 
son's  retreat,  under  the  hallucination  that  the  latter  had  been  de- 


42 

feated  Kind's  division,  being  in  the  advance,  encountered  Hood 
just  as  he  was  about  to  move  forward,  and  a  sharp  action  ensued, 
the  enemy  being  driven  back  and  pursued  for  some  distance  until 
the  darkness  compelled  Hood  to  halt.  At  12  o'clock  at  night  he 
returned  to  his  former  position,  and  thus  ended  the  fighting  on  the 
29th,  our  troops  remaining  masters  of  the  field  on  every  part  of  it. 

It  is  rather  amusing  to  read  sonic  of  1'ope  s  statements  about  the 
fighting  on  this  day.  In  his  report,  hr  says  : 

"Sigel  attacked  the  enemy  about  daylight  on  the  morning  of  the 
29th,  a  mile  or  two  east  of  Groveton,  where  he  was  soon  joined  by 
the  divisions  of  Kearney  and  Hooker.  Jackson  fell  back  several 
miles,  but  was  so  closely  pressed  by  these  forces  that  he  was  com 
pelled  to  make  a  stand,  and  to  make  the  best  defence  possible.' 

Speaking  of  the  attack  by  Heint/elman  and  Reno  in  the  after 
noon,  he  says : 

"The  attack  was  made  with  great  gallantry,  and  the  whole  of 
the  left  of  the  enemy  was  doubled  back  towards  his  centre,  and 
our  own  forces,  after  a  sharp  conflict  of  an  hour  and  half,  occupied 
the  field  of  battle,  with  the  dead  and  wounded  of  the  enemy  in  our 
hands." 

At  5  A.  M..  on  the  ;,oth.  ho  telegraphed  Halleck  in  regard  to 
the  battle  of  the  day  before: 

"\Ve  have  lost  not  less  than  eight  thousand  men  killed  and 
wounded;  but  from  the  appearance  of  the  field  the  enemy  lost  at 
least  two  to  one." 

General  Jackson's  force  must  have  been  wiped  out.  then. 

In  the  same  dispatch  he  further  says  : 

"The  news  just  reaches  me  from  the  trout  that  the  enemy  is  re 
tiring  towards  the  mountains  ;  I  go  forward  at  once  to  see.  We 
have  made  great  captures,  but  I  am  not  able  yet  to  form  an  idea 
ot  their  extent." 

He  had  certainly  caught  a  Tartar. 

In  his  report,  he  says: 

"Every  indication,  during  the  night  of  the  2oth.  and  up  to  10 
o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  joth.  pointed  to  the  retreat  of  the 
enemy  from  our  front.  Paroled  prisoners  of  our  own.  taken  on 
the  evening  of  the  29th.  and  who  came  into  our  lines  on  the  morn 
ing  of  the  ^oth,  reported  the  enemy  retreating  during  the  whole 


43 

night  in  the  direction  of  and  along  the  W.umuon  turnpike: 
Generals  McDowell  and  Heintzelman.  who  reconnoitred  the  posi- 
'ield  by  the  enemy's  left  on  the  evening  of  the  2Qth,  confirming 
Mtement." 

\Vhy  were  we  parolling  prisoners  ?  The  most  remarkable  thing, 
however,  connected  with  the  battle  of  the  29th,  is,  perhaps,  the  fact 
that  one  of  Pope's  corps  commanders.  General  Porter,  was  court- 
martialed  and  cashiered,  for  not  marching  over  Longstreet's  whole 
command,  and  cutting  off  Jackson's  retreat,  after  the  latter  had 
defeated  and  repulsed  three  corps  of  Pope's  army  that  largely  more 
than  doubled  Porter's  entire  force. 

On  the  morning  of  the  ^oth,  our  troops  occupied  the  positions 
they  held  at  the  close  of  the  battle  the  day  before,  with  some  slight 
shifting  of  the  brigades  on  the  rail -road  grade,  not  necessary  to 
mention.  There  was  some  heavy  skirmishing  in  the  forenoon 
along  Jackson's  line  on  the  rail-road  grade,  especially  on  the  left, 
but  there  was  no  assault  at  that  time,  the  enemy  being  kept  at  bay. 
There  was  also  some  artillery  firing  on  the  right,  which  continued 
until  the  afternoon. 

At  noon  Pope  issued  the  following  order  to  his  troops : 

"August  ^oth,  1862,  12  M. 

"  The  following  forces  will  be  immediately  thrown  forward  in 
pursuit  of  the  enemy,  and  press  him  vigorously  during  the  whole 
day.  Major-General  Mel  )owell  is  assigned  to  the  command  of  the 
pursuit. 

Major-General  Porter's  corps  will  push  forward  on  the  Warren - 
ton  turnpike,  followed  by  the  divisions  of  Brigadier- (»enerals  King 
and  Reynolds. 

The  division  of  Brigadier- General  Ricketts  will  pursue  the  Hay- 
market  road,  followed  by  the  corps  of  Major  -General  Heintzelman  ; 
the  necessary  cavalry  will  be  assigned  to  these  columns  by  Major- 
General  McDowell,  to  whom  regular  and  frequent  reports  will  be 
made.  The  general  head-quarters  will  be  somewhere  on  the 
Warrenton  turnpike." 

In  the  afternoon,  there  was  a  slight  change  in  the  programme, 
and  Porter's  corps  supported  by  King's  division  advanced  against 
Jackson's  right  and  Heintzelman's  and  Reno's  corps  supported, 
for  a  time  by  Ricketts's  division,  advanced  against  our  left.  The 


•     44 

assaults  began  about  3  P.  M..  and  were  very  tierce  and  determined, 
especially  on  tin-  right  where  Jackson's  division  was  posted  but 
were  met  with  equal  determination. 

There  were  at  least  three  assaults  on  Jackson's  division,  follow 
ing  each  other  in  succession,  which  were  repulsed,  some  of  the 
men  of  the  brigades  commanded  by  Stafford  and  Johnson,  using 
stones  when  their  ammunition  was  exhausted.  Longstreet's  bat 
teries,  by  a  well  directed  tire  from  the  right  on  the  Hank  of  the 
attacking  columns,  contributed  largely  to  their  repulse.  The  as 
saults  on  the  left  were  also  fierce,  but  were  successfully  resisted  by 
the  brigades  of  Archer  and  Thomas,  supported  by  those  of  Ponder 
and  Fields.  There  was  no  serious  attack  on  the  centre  occupied 
by  Ewell's  division,  but  as  one  of  the  attacking  columns  was  retir 
ing  from  the  right  past  our  front,  one  or  two  heavy  volleys  were 
poured  into  it.  and  three  of  my  regiments  that  were  on  the  rail 
road  grade,  suddenly  dashed  across  it,  in  pursuit .  without  orders, 
but  were  soon  brought  back. 

R.  H.  Anderson's  division  had  arrived  during  the  forenoon,  and 
joined  Longstreet's  command  ;  and  finally,  about  4  P.  M..  after  tin- 
last  attack  on  Jackson's  right  had  been  repulsed.  Longstreet  order 
ed  his  infantry  to  attack  the  enemv's  left,  and  his  troops  moved 
forward,  with  Hood  in  the  lead  elosely  followed  l>v  Kvans.  They 
were  rapidly  supported  by  Anderson'**  division,  and  the  brigades 
under  Kemper,  IX  R.  Jones,  and  \Vilcox.  The  enemy  was  assail 
ed  with  great  vigor,  and  he  was  steadily  driven  belore  Longstreet's 
advancing  lines,  from  successive  positions  which  he  occupied, 
though  at  some  points  the  assaults  wen-  stubbornly  resisted  for  a 
time.  Cieneral  Jackson's  command  had  also  advanced  at  the  same 
time  in  pursuit  of  the  troops  that  had  been  repulsed,  and  some  of 
Hill's  brigades  encountered  and  engaged  a  part  of  the  retreating 
forces  on  the  left,  which  they  pursued  to  Hull  Run.  capturing  a 
number  of  pieces  of  artillery.  Jackson's  and  KwcH's  divisions  did 
did  not  become  engaged  with  the  enemy  in  the  pursuit.  Long- 
street's  command  continued  to  press  the  enemy  on  the  right  until 
his  whole  army  was  driven  across  Hull  Run,  when  darkness  put 
an  end  to  the  pursuit.  This  command  captured  several  batteries 
of  artillery. 

Near  the  close  of  the  battle  on  this  day.  General  Robertson,  with 
a  portion  of  his  cavalry,  attacked  and  routed  a  body  of  the  enemy's 
cavalry  on  the  extreme  right. 


45 

At  the  close  of  the  battle  we  were  masters  of  the  entire  field ; 
and.  in  the  series  of  engagements  on  the  plains  of  Manassas,  we 
had  captured  more  than  7.000  prisoners,  besides  2.000  wounded 
left  on  our  hands,  thirty  pieces  of  artillery,  upwards  of  twenty 
thousand  stand  of  small  arms,  a  number  of  regimental  colors,  and 
a  considerable  amount  of  stores.  Our  own  loss  in  killed  and 
wounded  was  7.224.  including  a  number  of  valuable  officers,  some 
of  them  of  high  rank. 

Pope's  army  retired  to  Centreville  that  night,  where  it  was  re 
inforced  by  Sumner's  and  Franklin's  corps  of  McClellan's  army. 

In  his  report,  after  having  previously  stated  that :  "Even*  indi 
cation  during  the  night  of  the  29th,  and  up  to  10  o'clock  on  the 
morning  of  the  ^oth.  pointed  to  the  retreat  of  the  enemy  from  our 
front ;"  he  says,  two  pages  further  on  : 

"During  the  whole  night  of  the  29th.  and  the  morning  of  the 
50th,  the  advance  of  the  main  army,  under  Lee.  was  arriving  on 
the  field  to  re-inforce  Jackson,  so  that  by  12  or  i  o'clock  in  the 
day  we  were  confronted  by  forces  greatly  sujxTior  to  our  own ; 
and  these  forces  were  being  every  moment  largely  increased 
by  fresh  arrivals  of  the  enemy  from  the  direction  of  Thoroughfare 
Gap." 

The  Confederate  soldier,  though  ragged,  nearly  ban-tooted,  and 
often  hungry,  had  a  wonderful  faculty  of  multiplying  himself  on  the 
field  of  battle,  so  as  to  present  the  appearance  of  "overwhelming 
numbers"  to  a  frightened  enemy. 

On  the  night  of  the  .y>th,  at  9.45  P.  M..  Pope  telegraphed  Haileck  . 

"We  have  had  a  terrific  battle  again  to-day.  The  nieir.y,  largely 
re-inforced,  assaulted  our  position  early  to-day.  We  held  our 
ground  firmly  until  6  o'clock  P.  M.  when  the  enemy  m;Lv»ing  very 
heavy  forces  on  our  left,  forced  back  that  wing  about  half  a  mile 
At  dark  we  held  that  position.  L'nder  all  circumstances— both 
horses  and  men  having  been  two  days  without  food,  and  tin- 
enemy  greatly  outnumbering  us — 1  thought  it  best  to  move  back 
to  this  place  at  dark.  The  movement  has  been  made  in  perfect 
order  and  without  loss.  The  troops  are  in  good  heart,  and 
marched  off  the  field  without  the  least  hurry  or  contusion.  Their 
conduct  was  very  fine.  The  battle  was  most  furious  for  hours 
without  cessation,  and  the  losses  on  both  sides  very  heavy.  The- 
enemy  is  badly  whipped,  and  we  shall  do  well  enough.  Do  not  be 
uneasy.  We  will  hold  our  own  here." 


46 

At  n  A.  M.  next  day.  Halleck  telegraphed  Pope: 
"My    Dear    Gent-nil:      You     have    done    nobly.      Don't     yield 
another  inch   it"  you  can  avoid  it.     All    reserves  are    being  sent 
forward." 

Before  this,  at  10.45  ^-  ^--  1J(J!)(-'  nad  telegraphed  Halleck: 
"Our  troops  are  all  here,  and  in  position,  though  much  used  up 
and  worn  out.  1  think  perhaps  it  would  have  been  greatly  better 
if  Suinner  and  Franklin  had  been  here  three  or  four  days  ago  ; 
but  you  may  rely  upon  our  giving  them  as  desperate  a  fight  as  I 
can  force  our  men  to  stand  up  to.  I  should  like  to  know  whether 
you  feel  secure  about  Washington,  should  this  army  be  destroyed. 
I  shall  right  it  as  long  as  a  man  will  stand  up  to  the  work." 

What  a  wonderful  collapse  from  the  tone  of  his  salutatory  ad 
dress  to  his  troops  is  here  exhibited.  He  had  by  this  time  learned 
a  thing  or  two:  but  his  mind  seems  to  have  become  as  confused 
by  this  newly  acquired  knowledge  as  Banks's. 

On  the  3ist.  Longstreet,  with  his  command  including  Ander 
son's  division,  was  left  on  the  battlefield  to  engage  the  attention  ol 
the  enemy,  and  cover  the  burial  ol  the  dead  and  the  removal  ot  the 
wounded,  while  General  Jackson  moved  his  command  across  Bull 
Run  at  and  below  Smiley  Ford,  tor  the  purpose  ol  turning  the 
enemy's  right  and  intercepting  his  retreat.  Moving  to  the  lett  over 
country  roads,  we  reached  the  Little  River  turnpike,  leading  from 
Aldic  past  Germantown  and  Fairfax  (*.  II.  to  Alexandria,  late  in 
the  afternoon;  and  after  moving  on  that  road  for  a  short  distance 
we  bivouacked  for  the  night.  On  the  next  morning  i  1st  ot  Sep 
tember)  the  inarch  was  resinned,  Hill's  division  being  in  the  ad 
vance.  At  Ox  Hill,  near  Chantilly,  a  large  force  of  the  enemy  \\as 
encountered,  in  the  afternoon,  which  had  been  moved  out  in  that 
direction  to  cover  Pope's  retreat  along  the  turnpike  from  Centre 
ville  to  Fairfax  C.  H.  He  had  now  ascertained  that  it  uas  very 
necessary  to  look  out  for  his  line  of  retreat,  as  well  as  his  base  of 
supplies.  Hill  at  once  attacked  the  enemy  with  a  part  of  his  divi 
sion,  and  EwelPs  division  also  moved  up  and  became  engaged. 

There  was  a  sharp  conflict  which  lasted  until  near  night,  in  which 
the  elements  took  part  with  a  severe-  thunder  storm  ;  and  two  of 
the  Federal  Generals,  Kearney  and  Stevens,  were  killed.  At  the 
close  of  the  fight,  we  held  possession  ol  the  held,  and  the  enemy 


ivtiiv«l  during  the  night.  The  troops  encountered  on  this  occasion 
belonged  to  McDowell's  and  Reno's  corps,  and  Kearney's  division, 
there  being  also  some  troops  newly  arrived  from  Alexandria  and 
Washington,  of  which  Hooker  had  command.  Longst reel's  com 
mand  came  up  at  night  alter  the  action  had  closed. 

The  next  morning  it  was  discovered  that  Pope  had  now  learned 
the  art  of  retreating  so  well,  that  it  was  impracticable  to  intercept 
him,  and  he  was  permitted  to  take  refuge  in  the  lortihcations  ol 
Washington,  without  further  molestation. 

Thus  ended  the  campaign  of  August,  1X62. 

In  a  few  days  Pope  was  relieved  from  his  command,  and  sent  to 
the  Northwest  to  look  alter  the  Indians  in  that  quarter,  so  that  he 
never  again  had  the  opportunity  to  look  at  the  backs  or  laces  of 
the  "rebels." 

Sitting  Hull  had  not  then  made  his  appearance  on  the  theatre  of 
war,  or  we  might  never  more  have  heard  ol  Major  General  John 
Pope. 

RESUME    OK    THK    CAMPAIGN 

It  Ls  imjxjssible  at  this  day  to  give  the  exact  strength  of  the  lorces 
engaged  on  our  side  in  this  campaign,  from  the  Rapidan  to  Ox 
Hill,  as  the  returns,  it  regularly  made,  have  been  lost  or  destroyed. 
I  have  given  the  estimate  of  General  Jackson's  strength  at  the  bat 
tle  of  Cedar  Run.  and  in  the  subsequent  campaign  it  could  not  have- 
exceeded  that  estimate- -that  is,  about  20,000  officers  and  men  for 
duty,  in  his  infantry  and  artillery.  His  effective  strength,  that  is, 
enlisted  men  for  duty  who  bear  arms,  was  probably  about  18,500. 
General  Longstieet's  command  consisted  of  his  own  division  of  six 
brigades,  divided  into  two  sub-divisions  of  three  brigades  each,  D. 
R.  Jones's  division  ol  three  brigades,  Hood's  division  of  two  bri 
gades,  and  Evans's  brigade. 

On  the  2oth  of  July,  according  to  the  official  returns  as  given  by 
Colonel  Walter  H.  Taylor,  in  the  work  I  have  referred  to.  the 
strength  of  that  command,  with  the  exception  of  Drayton's  brigade 
which  had  been  added  to  lone*, 's  division,  and  Kvans's  brigade, 


both  of  whirl,  arrived  Iron,  tin-  South  :.lt«-r  tl«-  --tli  ,,t  July,  wa.s 

asfoll°WS:  OFFCERS.  ENUSTWMEN. 

Longstreet's  division. 
D.  R.  Jones's  division. 
Hood's  [Whiting's]  division. 

Total.  i-°~  !>U29 

General  Evans,  in  his  report,  ssiys  that  his  brigade  had  an  aggre 
gate  for  duty,  on  the  3<>th  of  July,  of  1.862.  which  was  subsequently 
increased  to"  2.200  by  the  addition  of  the  23rd  South  Carolina  reg 
iment.  There  is  no  return  of  the  strength  of  Drayton's  brigade. 
but  Colonel  Taylor,  on  the  authority  of  the  Adjutant  C.eneral  ol 
the  brigade,  puts  the  aggregate-  lor  duty  of  that  brigade  and  Lvans's 
at  4,600*  Of  which  at  least  350  must  have  been  officers.  Long- 
street's  strength,  therefore,  before  the  arrival  of  Anderson's  division, 
was  about  1.372  officers  and  19.279  enlisted  men.  or  an  aggregate 
of  2o.6si.  Anderson's  division,  according  to  the  return  oi  July 
2oth.  was  }57  officers  and  5.700  enlisted  men  lor  duty,  which  would 
give  Longstrcet,  with  Anderson's  division  added  to  his  command, 
1,729  officers  and  25.039  enlisted  men,  or  an  aggregate  ol  20. 70^ 
lor  duty.  Colonel  Taylor  estimates  the  artillery  at  2.51*)  ami  the 
cavalry  at  the  same  number,  which  would  give  an  aggregate  ol  the 
entire  force  of  5 1, /OS,  and  an  etlective  force  of  less  than  49,000, 
without  making  any  deduction  lor  losses. 

The  divisions  of  1).  H.  Hill  and  Mrl.aws.  two  brigades  under 
|.  (i.  Walker,  and  Hampton's  brigade  of  cavalry. T  which  had  been 
left  near  Richmond,  and  wen-  ordered  up  after  the  entire  evacua 
tion  of  Harrison's  Landing,  did  not  join  us  until  alter  the  fight  at 
Ox  Hill,  and  Pope  had  taken  refuge  und«-r  the  fortifications  of 
Washington. 


*NOTE. — This  must  ho  an  over-estimate,  as  Drayton's  hri^adt-  had  only  three 
regiments  and  a  batallion.  Tin-  estimate  would  give  that  hripade  li,400,  or  an 
average  of  (>00  for  tl»e  three  regiments  and  one  hatallion.  leather  t(K>  much 
tor  Confederate  regiments  at  that  day.  The  hrigade  was  so  small  after  Sharps- 
burg,  though  its  losses  had  not  l»een  M-vere  in  the  campaign,  that  the  regiments 
and  batallion  of  which  it  wa>  composed  weiv  distributed  among  other  brigades. 

fXOTE. — Cieneral  Hamj)ton  has  informed  me  that  his  brigade  was  up  by  the 
1st  of  September ;  but  it  had  not  arrived  in  time  to  take  part  in  any  of  the  pre 
vious  actions,  and  the  other  commands,  being  infantry,  did  not  arrive  until  the 
2nd. 


49  i 

McClellan,  in  his  official  report,  shows  that,  by  the  ist 
1862,  he  had  organized  an  army  of  193,142  men  for  duty, 
who  were  in  and  about  Washington,  or  within  easy  reach  thereof 
He  had  carried  largely  more  than  1 00,000  of  that  army  to  the 
Peninsula,  leaving  the  rest  to  defend  the  Federal  Capital.  Fre 
mont  had  brought  his  corps,  which  was  largely  from  Missouri  and 
the  West,  to  the  Valley  in  the  month  of  May,  and  his  corps  num 
bered  15,000  or  20,000.  Burnside,  in  July,  had  brought  about 
13,000  men  from  North  Carolina  to  the  vicinity  of  Fredericksburg, 
3,000  of  which  had  been  sent  to  Pope  on  the  I4th  of  August.  The 
whole  of  McClellan's  army,  which  he  had  at  Harrison's  Landing, 
except  one  division  of  Keys's  corps,  had  been  sent  to  Pope,  though 
Stunner's  and  Franklin's  corps  did  not  reach  him  until  the  3ist  ol 
August,  and  Couch's  division  of  Keys's  corps  joined  him  at  Fairfax 
C.  H.  on  the  ist  of  September,  the  day  of  the  fight  at  Ox  Hill. 
Moreover,  Cox  had  arrived  from  the  Kanawha  Valley  with  7,000 
men.  It  was  then  what  was  left  of  some  220,000  or  230,000  men, 
that  General  Lee's  army  of  about  50,000  men  had  forced  to  take 
refuge  in  the*  defences  of  Washington  to  escape  destruction.* 

What  had  become  of  the  balince  ? 

It  may  be  said  that  a  great  many  had  been  lost  in  the  previous 
campaigns,  in  the  Valley  and  around  Richmond.  Hut  McCIellan'.s 
official  return  of  the  2oth  of  July  shows  more  than  90,000  men  for 
duty,  exclusive  of  Dix's  corps  at  Fortress  Monroe.  Pope  acknowl 
edges  that  he  had  43,000  in  the-  ln-g  nning,  after  striking  0^6,400 
men  for  Banks's  corps  from  his  own  official  return,  and  he  had 
been  joined  by  8,000  men  under  Reno  and  3,500  under  Piatt. 
Here  then  were  at  least  1 40.000,  after  making  an  allowance  for 
Keys's  absent  division,  and  not  counting  Cox's  7,000,  the  balance 
of  Sturgis's  command,  or  the  new  troops  mentioned  by  Halleck 
and  Pope.  But  Pope  says  his  men  and  horses  \\ere  much  used  up 
and  worn  out,  and  without  food.  Well,  I  suppose  the  poor  "rebels" 
were  living  in  clover  all  this  time.  There  is  one  advantage  we 

•NOTE. — The  army  of  General  Lee  in  the  campaign  again-t  McClellan  did 
not  exceed  80,000  officers  and  men,  at  I  have  demonstrated  on  another  occasion. 
The  only  re  inforuvmenti  he  nivived  from  the  South,  or  any  other  quarter, 
after  that  r:mi|':iiL:n  and  previous  to  the  campaign  against  Pope,  constated  of 
the  brigade*  of  Kvans  and  Urayton,  ami  j>erhai*  two  Alabama  regimenta.  Some 
of  the  troops  engaged  in  the" "Seven  Days  Battles,"  besides  the  division!*  of 
I).  II.  Hill,  Mt-I>aw>,  ami  J.  <i.  Walker,  were  lelt  near  Richmond,  and  did  not 
|Kirticipate  at  all  in  the  campaign  against  1'jpc,  or  that  into  Maryland. 


5° 

had  over  Pope  very  certainly — we  had  nothing  for  him  to  capture, 

and  we  g-  t  into  his  supply  train  .it  Manassas  :  l>ut  cv  n  that  did 
not  last  very  l«mg.  ( )n  the-  night  ot'tlu-  ist  of  September,  at  Ox 
Hill,  I  mack-  my  dinner  and  my  -upper  <>n  two  cars  o!  ^reeii  corn, 
which  I  roasted  by  the  lire  while  sitting  on  the  damp  ground  ;  ami 
on  the  next  day,  while  pass  ng  through  my  brigade,  I  saw  the 
ration^  being  issued  to  my  men.  and  they  consisted  exclusively  <>1" 
cold  boiled  fresh  beet,  without  salt  or  bread.  I  helped  myself  to  a 
small  chunk,  whirh  I  munched  to  -till  the  cravings  of  hunger. 
There  were  few,  if  any.  in  our  army,  from  the  hi-hesl  to  the  lou  e-t. 
any  better  oft"  than  1  was. 

I  will  give  you  OIK-  mi  ire  and  the  last  <\\i<  >tatioii  from  Popes 
otficial  report.  He  h  id  said  in  his  address  !•  •  his  troops  ;  "1  ha\ c 
come  to  y<  >u  troni  the  \\Y-t.  wheiv  \\  <•  ha\  e  always  seen  the  barks 
of  our  enemies  -  In  >m  an  army  win  >se  bu.-in«  ss  it  ha-  been  to  seek 
the  adversary  ,md  beat  him  when  found,  whose  policy  has  been 
attack  and  not  del  nee;"  and  in  a  disp  itch  to  Kearrey  at  ^  P.  M . 
on  the  j;th:  "Jackson.  A.  1'.  Hi'!  and  I-'. well  an-  in  front  <»f  u-. 
Hooker  ha-  had  a  s  n  re  ti-ht  with  th«  m  today-  MrI)..w«Il 
marches  upon  Manas-a-  Junction  fn.m  (  ".aim  s\  i'.I.-  to  mo;  r,  ,\v  at 
day-break.  K«-n  -  up-.n  tin-  same  plaee  at  the  same  hour.  I  uant 
you  here  at  day-dawn,  il  possible,  and  we  \\ill  ba-  the  wh<  •!«•  en  .\\  d." 
N'et  he  lias  ih.-  f..l!o\\in-  doleful  lellections  in  iln  r.,ur!udin^  part 
1  >t"  \}\>  <  'ttirial  repi  >i't  : 

1  o  conlnuU,  \\  ith  a  small  army.  \  a-t!\"  -upi  rior  t<  >;  c»  s  :  to  fi^ht 
battles  without  hope  . -f  \  ictory,  luit  «>nl\  t..  -ain  time,  and  t«»  cin- 
birrass  and  delay  the  foruard  mnvenient  ..!  th<-  enemy,  is  of  all 
duties,  the  most  lia/anlous  and  the  m«.st  ditli  u't  ;hat  ran  b.  im- 
;"  »sed  up  'ii  any  (  ieiu-ral  .  »r  any  army.  \\'hi!«-  siirh  •  >perati<  >n>  re 
quire  the  highest  courage  and  t'lid ura nee  ,  ,n  the  part  o!  tJK.  t,-,  ,(,j,s> 
they  are,  perhaps,  unl'k*  Iv  to  be  understo  -d  ,,r  appreciated,  and 
^he  result.-,  howe\<  r  successful,  have  littl.-  in  them  to  attract  popu 
lar  attention  ami  applause.  A\  no  time  could  1  have  hoped  to  ii-ht 
a  successful  battle  with  the  immensi  ly  superior  force  (»1  the  <  lu-my 
which  conlronted  me,  and  which  was  able  at  any  time  to  out  flank 
me  and  bear  my  small  army  to  the  dust." 

"O,  what  a  tall  was  there,  my  countrymen!" 

The  result  of  this  campai-n  was  that  Virginia  was  cleared  of  the 
invading  army,  except  at  Fortress  Monroe  and  its  vicinity,  Norfolk 


where  the  enemy's  men-of-war  and  gun-boats  enabled  him  to  hold 
lion,  the  fortifications  covering  Washington  on  the  South, 
and  North-western  Virginia,  where  traitors  and  renegades,  under 
the  protection  of  Federal  bayonets,  had  established  a  bastard  State 
Government.  Even  the  Kanawha  Valley  had  been  cleared  of  the 
enemy,  as  the  withdrawal  of  troops  from  that  quarter,  for  the 
defence  of  Washington,  had  enabled  Loring  to  penetrate  into  the 
Valley  and  drive  the  enemy  from  it. 

There  have  been  criticisms  of  the  strategy  employed  by  General 
Lee  in  sending  Jackson  to  the  rear  of  Pope,  thus  dividing  his  army 
and  placing  the  smaller  portion  between  two  hostile  forces  of  supe 
rior  numbers.  This  is  said  by  some  to  have  been  in  violation  of 
the  established  rules  of  war.  Genius  is  trammelled  by  no  arbitrary 
rules,  but  is  able  to  burst  the  fetters  which  bind  ordinary  intellects. 
With  vastly  inferior  forces  and  resources,  if  General  Lee  liad 
conformed  to  the  ordinary  rules  of  war,  he  would,  perhaps,  have 
taken  some  defensive  position  and  waited  until  the  enemy  had 
accumulated  forces  sufficient  to  overwhelm  him,  or  retired  before 
the  enemy's  superior  numbers,  thus  giving  up  the  whole  country 
his  troops  were  fighting  for,  and  gradually  losing  his  army  by 
exhaustion  and  desertion.  But  he  knew  that  it  was  necessary  to 
make  up  for  the  deficiency  in  other  respects  by  activity,  energy, 

'IS. 

We  are  told  that,  when  the  young  Napoleon  made  his  first  cam 
paign  in  Italy,  he  startled  the  European  Generals  of  the  old  school 
by  his  disregard  of  the  recognized  tactics  and  science  of  war,  and 
they  thought  him  wild  and  crazy,  but  he  defeated  his  opponents 
nevertheless.  And  so  some  military  critics,  of  the  red  tape  order, 
may  think  General  Lee  committed  a  jjreat  blunder  on  this  occasion, 
but  it  was  a  very  successful  blunder, 

A  General  should  be  able  to  understand  his  opponent,  as  well 
as  the  instruments  he  himself  employs. 

General  Lee  thoroughly  understood  Pope,  and  he  knew,  and 
fully  appreciated  General  Jackson.  In  a  letter  lo  General  Porter, 
written  in  July,  1870,  General  Lee.  in  a  very  lew  plain  words,  ex 
pressed  volumes — he  said  : 

"  I  had  no  anxiety  for  Jackson  at  2nd  Manassas.  I  knew  he 
could  hold  on  till  we  came,  and  that  we  should  be  in  position  in 


There  was  no  man  in  .ill  our  armies  \vh<>  uas  so  bold  and  daring 
in  his  strategy  and  his  operations  a.s  ( ieneral  Lee,  and  the  difficulty 

he-  labored  under  was  to  find  agents  to  carry  out  the  plans  he 
designed.  General  Jackson  was  just  the  man  he  u anted.  \Vhat- 
ever  General  Lee  devised  or  suggested,  General  Jackson  \\asivadv 
to  carry  out  promptly  and  without  question  or  cavil  as  to  its  feasi 
bility.  '1  he-  confidence  they  had  in  each  other  was  mutual,  and 
there  was  no  man  in  all  the  South,  \\hether  in  or  out  ot"  the  arm\  , 
upon  whom  the  loss  of  (  ii  neral  Jackson  fell  so  In  a\  ily  as  uj)on 
deiieral  Lee.  In  this  campaign  against  1'ope,  (  iener.il  Jackson 
displayed  greater  al  iiht  \-  and  resources  than  on  an  v  ot  IK  r  <  >ccasi<  »n, 
because  the  circumstances  bv  which  he  uas  suriound«<l  ie(juired 
surh  display;  and  lie  tully  juslit'nd  the  cuntidence  reposed  in  him 
by  (  ieneral  Lee. 

And  now,  my  coinradc-s,  \\lu-n  calK-d  up- »n  lor  a  defence  or 
justification  oi  the  cause  in  which  you  were  enlist*  d.  yon  can  poim 
proudly  and  confidently  to  the  characters  ot  ilu-  vjvat  k-aders 
.whom  you  foll<>\\( -d  -Lee  and  Ja.  ks.-n-  f.ir  yt»ur  «  omj,],  te  \  indi 
cation. 

\\hen  the  caj)tive  Israelites  sat  «lov\n  by  the  ri\crs  of  Babylon 
and  wept,  the  sacred  psalmist  put  into  then-  m.-uihs  the  t« .]!« ,\\  in^ 
language  : 

"If  1  forget  thee,  O.  Jerusalem,  let  my  ri-ht  hand  f,,r-et  her 
cunning'." 

"  ]1  J  cl(l  not  remember  thee,  1,-t  my  tmi-ui-  cleave  to  the  n.nf  oi 
my  mouth;  if  J  prefer  not  Jerusalem  abo\  (  mv  ,  hi.  t  j,,y." 

1  lni^  that  c\-ery  faithful  soldier  ol  the  Army  ..I  Northern  \'ir- 
ginia  is  ready  to  e\<  laim  \\  ith  me  : 

"Ileverl  disown,  repudiate,  or  apol.  .-i/r  f,  ,r,  the  cause  for  which 
Lee  fought  and  Jackson  died,  K-t  the  li-h;nin->  ol  I  leaven  blast  me, 
and  the  scorn  of  all  g,,,>d  Ilu.n  ;11K1  tnu.  U()!m.n  ]H.  in  (( „  lu,n/' 


TflE  T^D  J\N|IUJ\L  BANQUET 


)!     THK- 


>0riettt  of  tfo  Irmjj  and  ft 

.  *j 


OF  THK 


IN    THK   STATK   OF    MARYLAND 


HK.I.n    AT 


THE  CARROLLTON  1IOTHI 


FEBRUARY   S3,    1SS3. 


The  {Society  of  the  ^mij  \  Navy  of  the  Confederate  $tate$ 


IN  THK  STATK  OK  MARYLAND. 


The  Society  of  the  Army  and  Navy  of  the  Confederate  States 
in  the  State  of  Maryland  is  the  Maryland  Division  of  the  Associa 
tion  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  formed  at  Richmond. 
Virginia,  in  1870.  of  which  the  Division  of  Louisiana,  at  New 
Orleans  is  a  strong  and  enthusiastic  auxiliary. 

The  Society  in  Maryland  was  organized  so  as  to  embrace  all 
Confederates,  without  regard  to  the  branch  or  locality  of  service. 

It  has  recently  added  a  Beneficial  Society  to  its  machinery,  and 
an  awakening  enthusiasm,  and  interest,  has  been  aroused,  which 
will  largely  increase  its  membership  and  consequent  usefulness. 

The  Third  Annual  Banquet  of  the  Society  took  place  at  the 
Carrollton  Hotel,  after  the  conclusion  of  (k?ncral  Karly's  address 
and  was  attended  by  a  large  and  enthusiastic  assemblage— about 
one  hundred  and  seventy  five  gentlemen  sat  down  to  the  entertain 
ment. 

It  was  presided  over  by  General  Bradley  T.  Johnson,  the  Pres 
ident,  with  General  Early  on  his  right.  General  Wade  Hampton 
on  his  lelt.  General  Trimble.  General  Stuart,  Lt.  Col.  J.  R.  Her 
bert,  Captain  Waddell,  Colonel  Herbert,  late  of  the  8th  Alabama. 
now  Member  of  Congress  from  that  State,  Rev.  VV.  M.  Dame, 
Hon.  J.  K.  C.  Talbott.  late  private  '2nd  Maryland  Cavalry,  now 
Member  of  Congress  from  Maryland,  Major  H.  Kyd  Douglas, 
Colonel  J.  Lyle  Clarke,  Captain  McHenry  Howard  and  many  other 
prominent  Confederates  from  the  State. 

After  an  earnest  discussion  of  the  Bill  of  Kare,  the    President 

&c  and  called  the  meeting  to  order  and  read  the  Toasts. 


(Ouv   2nfuutvy. 


\\'ith    heart.-  a-   li.urln    a-   their   ha\  er>ack>,  Inn  a-  true  and  »tead- 

last  as  the  barrel.^  of  their  mn-ket-,  the\  fought  hunger,  hard 

ship  ami  overwhelming  n  HIM  I  XT-  tor  lour  \  ears  ;  t  lit*  sim 

ple  recital  of  their  dee*  I-  i-  iheir  highest  eiiconiiiim. 

in.-l'oMH  .!•     in     UN 


TRIMBLE'S  DIVISION.  A.  N.  VA 

(Ouv   <TtUiulvii. 

Fir>t    in   the   front,  la-t    in    the  rear.      The  Artillerv  re-ted 
time-;  the  Intantrv  raivlv  :    ihc  ( 'avalrv,  ne\  ei . 


£  I'.  C  o  I .  C  UM » to  M  I   «^  1 1 1  i  ua  11  c , 

A    A.  G.  CUSTIS  LEE'S  DIVISION.  A.  N.  VA. 

(Our  ArtUlcx*iv 

Though   oeea.-ionallv   their   room  wa-  lietter  than  their  ei>mpanv. 
hv  reason  of  the  marked  attention  which  the\  attracted  lr<nii 
the   enemy,  a.-  a    ride    (hey   were  verv  \\elc.im.- 


MclNTosH-s  BATTALION  ARTILLERY,  A    N.  VA. 


(Otxv   2\;unv 

Ready  for  service  wherever  dutv  ralh-d  ;   in  thr  hattcrir.-  at  Ar<fiiia 

(  reek,  or  in  the  hreast-works  at  I'etei>huri:  ;   from  Hampton 

Roads  to  Mol.ih-  May.  in  tin-  hour  ot'di>a>trr  not  h-»  than 

in  tin-  day  of  victory  ;   thry  added  IIMIV  to  the  can-. 

they  loved  :    they  made  all  -e;f>  acquainted  with 

onr   tla-  :    they    hoiv    it    tarthe>t    and    tlu-% 

fiirle^l    it    la-t. 

RKSI'OVDKH    Tn     BY 


C.  S.  S.  S.  SHENANDOAH. 


OUR    DEAD. 

RKSPOM>K1>    To    m 


PRIVATE  1ST  RICHMOND  HOWITZERS,  A.  N.  VA. 
Mr.  Dame  made  a  telling  speech,  Imt   it  was  not   reported. 


"OUR    INFANTRY." 

"  With    hearts   as   light   as   their  haversacks,  but   as   true   and 

steadfast    as   the    barrels    of   their    muskets,    they  fought 

hunger,  hardships  and  overu'helmi*g  mumbcrs  for  four 

years ;   the  simpU   recital  of  their  deeds  is  their 

highest  encomium" 

MR.  PRESIDENT,  COMRADES  AND  FRIENDS. 

I  was  at  a  loss  at  tirst,  to  understand  why  the  Committee 
selectee!  me — a  mounted  officer — to  speak  for  the  Infantry.  For 
tn'o  out  of  four  years  of  the  war.  I  had  but  one  foot  I  could  call 
my  own  ;  the  other  being  in  the  hands  of  the  manufacturers.  Hut 
I  discovered  the  delicate  irony  intended  to  cover  my  defect  ;  that 
being  literally  a  foot  soldier  it  was  appropriate  that  I  should  speak 
for  the  Infantry. 

Our  Infantry  !  What  a  theme  for  the  orator,  the  historian  and 
the  poet !  No  one  has  done  nor  for  a  long  time  can  do  it  justice. 

From  the  igth  of  April.  1861,  when  volunteers  began  singly 
and  in  squads  to  cross  that  River,  which  only  divides,  hut  does 
not  separate  Maryland  from  grand,  glorious  Old  Virginia  ;  and  to 
hasten  from  the  Ranches  of  Texas ;  the  glades  of  Louisiana  ;  the 
cotton  fields  of  Mississippi  and  Alabama,  of  Georgia,  of  Florida, 
and  South  Carolina,  and  from  the  dark  mountains  and  sombre 
pines  of  the  "Old  North  State ; "  to  the  day  they  laid  down  their 
arms  under  the  apple  tree  at  Appomattox  ;  the  exploits  of  the 
Infantry  surpassed  in  heroism  and  endurance  those  of  any  record 
ed  in  the  history  of  modern  warfare. 

What  marching  and  fighting!  What  privations  in  food  and 
clothing !  What  sublime  endurance  in  unprotected  camps  and  in 
long  marches  in  drenching  rains,  in  winter's  cold  and  in  summer's 


heat!  What  enthusiasm  exhibited  as  engagements  with  the  enemy 
approached  and  with  what  intrepid  valor  in  the  shock  ol  conflict! 

These  deeds  have  given  tin-  Infantry  of  the  South,  a  name  not 
inferior  to  any  of  modern  times,  and  that  will  live  in  history  and 
verse,  as  long  as  chivalrie  deeds  shall  excite  the  admiration  ot 
mankind. 

No  voice  nor  pen  ran  do  justice  to  the  wonderful  exploits  ot 
the  Southern  Soldier;  to  brave, patient,  indomitable  "Johnny  Reb." 

I  know  that  I  am  no  orator,  but  why  should  I  not  // T  to  extol 
his  prowess  ?  We  marched  together;  we  fought  together:  we 
starved  together.  That  superb  Brigade  .the  7th)  composed  ot 
the  2ist  Georgia,  2 ist  Xorth  Carolina,  isth  Alabama  and  ifSth 
Mississippi,  with  that  unmatched  battery  of  the  "boy"  Latimer— 
the  peer  of  any  in  the  service  all  by  their  splendid  fighting,  made 
me  a  Major  General.  I  therefore  owe  them  something. 

From  the  day  I  first  led  them  into  battle  in  Jackson's  glorious 
campaign  and  only  left  them  when  wounded  at  ^d  Manasses  ;  it 
was  their  splendid  behavior  there,  and  in  alter  battles,  which 
promoted  from  their  officcr>,  -  Ilyigadit'rs  and  ft  Major  (  irnt'rals. 
Yes  my  comrades;  but  it  was  not  the  ;th  Brigade  alone  which 
conferred  such  honors.  It  was  the  m,  n  of  the  Brigades  cvcr\- 
n'hcre. ;  who  by  their  courage  and  "dash"  marie  all  our  command 
ers  in  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  and  in  the  South  and  West, 
save  Lee  and  Jackson.  They  were  Nature's  Heroes.  They  were 
made  by  the  hand  of  the  Great  Father  above,  who  commands 
the  Armies  in  Heaven  and  on  Farth. 

Yes,  although  able  chieftains  planned  campaigns  and  directed 
skillful  manoeuvres  in  the  field,  it  was  "fohnny  Reb"  who  icon  the 
battles,  and  yet  was  nrrrr  promoted.  I  think  I  will  attempt  this 
evening  to  do  him  tardy  justice,  and  appoint  him,  over  all  grades, 
to  the  rank  &{'*  General  Johnny  /\V/>."  He  was  as  great  as  any  of 
our  chieftains;  and  if  then-  was  any  one  grratrr  than  he,  it  was 
"Johnny  Reh's"  wife.  Did  not  she  enlist  nearly  all  our  soldiers, 
without  paving  one  dollar  of  "bounty"  and  send  them  to  the  field 
to  join  hands  and  hearts  with  the  sons  of  glorious  Old  Virginia? 
And  if  they  had  not  "marched  pretty  quick,"  there  would  have  been 
fought  more  domestic  "scrimmages"  "away  down  South  in  Dixie." 
than  Lee  and  Jackson  fought  in  Virginia.  Well  !  they  did  "obey 
orders."  and  come.  And  who  of  us  here,  my  comrades,  would 
not  have  done  the  same,  and  freely  shed  the  last  drop  of  his  blood 


for  woman's  protection  and  a  mother's  approving  smile.  Yes ! 
they  came  with  high  resolve  to  defend  a  cause  which  they  believed 
to  be  right.  How  many  of  them  came  too,  to  fill  "unnamed" 
graves  ? 

Hut  what  a  picture,  in  general,  did  they  present  when  first 
among  us  in  Richmond?  No  gay  uniforms;  no  martial  step;  no 
florid  faces ;  no  erect  forms ;  true  some  from  cities  did  come 
"bedecked  in  all  the  panoply  of  war."  Who  that  had  seen  the 
gaudy  splendor  of  "trained  armies,"  could  suppose  that  these  half 
bent,  lounging  forms  would  ever  make  good  soldiers.  1  confess 
1  had  my  doubts  and  only  hoped  for  success  in  their  proverbial 
bravery  and  their  sure  skill  with  the  musket.  "Johnny"  could 
shoot  deer  and  squirrels  at  home  with  the  rifle,  then  why  could 
he  not  hit  a  Federal  Soldier  ? 

How  were  we  all  mistaken  in  their  fighting  and  marching  qual 
ities,  and  in  their  almost  sublime  patience  under  bitter  hardships 
of  all  kinds  ? 

In  after  days  when  they  won  battles,  well  might  Swinton,  a 
Northern  historian,  call  them  "that  incomparable  Infantry  with 
bright  muskets  and  ragged  jackets." 

Well !  so  "our  Johnny  Rebs"  were  drilled  in  haste  and  formed 
into  Regiments  and  Brigades,  the  greater  number  armed  with 
old  flint-lock  muskets,  converted  into  percussion  locks ;  but  in 
every  battle  he  picked  up  better  arms,  dropped  in  a  hurry,  by 
Yankee  "braves." 

The  Brigades  of  the  Army  were  the  proper  nucleus  of  its 
organization  and  strength;  of  its  "Esprit  de  Corps";  its  reliance 
in  the  stern  conflict  and  for  the  dashing  charges  that  won  the  day. 

« 

Brigades  were  handled  with  more  facility  and  expedition  on  the 
march  and  in  the  battle.  The  men  knew  well  their  Brigade  com 
manders  who  were  ever  present  with  them,  to  share  the  toils  and 
exposures  of  the  service,  as  well  as  the  perils  of  battle.  And  if 
"Johnny"  had  faith  in  his  Brigadier;  could  hear  his  voice,  or  see 
his  form  ;  things  always  "went  right." 

I  have  said  the  men  of  Brigades  made  all  our  Generals.  They 
also  did  some  discourteous  things  in  another  u'ay.  They  cashiered 
in  a  very  reckless  manner ;  without  intending  to  hurt  their  feelings, 
some  six  or  seven  commanding  Generals  on  the  /V^ra/side,  and 
made  "Old  Joe  Hooker"  and  others  of  that  sort  "get  out  of  the 
way." 


When  was  it  that  some  Brigade  was  not  called  on  to  repel  an 
advance?  or  by  a  charge  to  end  a  battle?  and  where  was  it  that 
with  such  officers  as  Taylor,  Gordon.  Winder,  Hoke,  Wilcox. 
Lane,  Early,  Hampton,  Johnson  and  Herbert,  and  a  score  of 
others  like  them;  that  the  Infantry  ever  tailed  to  win  the  day? 
How  was  it  at  the/irst  and  second  Manassas  ?  How  in  Jackson's 
Valley  Campaign?  How  at  Coal  Harbor:*  How  at  Kredericks- 
burg  ?  How  at  Chancellorsville  ?  And  how  in  that  indomitable 
struggle  in  the  wilderness  and  at  Spottsylvania  Court  House  against 
odds  of  3  to  i  ?  How  everywhere  in  a  charge,  save  at  Malvern  Hill 
and  Gettysburg,  where  impossibilities  were  attempted,  but  where 
the  "boys"  could  show  how  they  scorned  death  if  they  could  not 
conquer?  And  how  was  it  my  comrades,  when  that  Brigade 
cheer  "that  appalling  rebel  yell"  as  Yankees  called  it — once  heard, 
never  forgotten — which  for  four  years  of  bloody  strife  sent  back  its 
echos  to  every  battlefield  in  "Old  Virginia?" 

There  is  no  need  to  answer  these  questions.  Time  and  just  his 
tory  have  answered  them  all ;  and  told  that  this  triumphant  cheer 
was  everywhere  the  harbinger  of  victory  ;  and  when  heard  afar 
amid  the  discords  of  battle,  "wc-uns"  knew  that  "you-uns"  had 
finished  the  work  in  hand. 

THK  YALLKY  CAMPAIGN. 

Some  of  us  Marylanders  were  in  that  brilliant  campaign  of  Jack 
son,  and  we  knew  that  some  "pretty  tall"  marching  as  well  as  ' 
righting  was  done  there.  It  was  there  that  the  Southern  Soldier, 
unused  at  home  to  walking  any  distance,  or  "toating"  any  burden, 
(always  choosing  to  saddle  his  horse  lor  a  long  ride  of  half  a  mile. 
to  visit  a  neighbor,)  first  exhibited  his  wonderful  powers  of  endur 
ance  and  resolution.  Such  marching  qualities  introduced  that 
new  feature  in  the  organization  of  an  army.— The  Koot  Cavalry. 

DISTANCE  MARCHED  BY  JACKSON. 

On  a  fair  computation  of  the  distances  marched  from  the  battle 
of  Kearnstown  to  McDowell  and  thence  back  and  forth  to  the 
end  of  the  campaign  at  Port  Republic;  over  500  miles  were  made 
in  90  days,  inclusive  of  time  given  to  battles  and  reorganization  of 
forces  at  Conrad's  store.  Deducting  for  battles  and  imperative 
halts,  these  troops  marched  an  average  of  12  miles  a  day.  many 
days  30  miles  in  spite  of  heat,  rains  and  bad  roads. 


In  this  period  they  fought  five  decisive  battles,  winning  all  but 
one,  (and  that  not  a  defeat)  against  adversaries  all  around  them, 
numbering  in  the  aggregate  four  men  to  Jackson's  one.  When 
escaping  from  the  snares  that  beset  his  path  and  reaching  Stras- 
burg  on  the  evening  of  May  3ist ;  McDowell  on  his  left,  was  near 
Front  Royal  with  30,000  men,  only  12  miles  from  Strasburg. 
Fremont  was  at  Wardensville on  his  right,  20  miles  from  Strasburg; 
with  14,600  men — both  together  numbering  near  45,000  men  ; 
while  Banks,  south  of  the  Potomac  and  but  50  miles  from  Stras 
burg,  had  14,000  men,  (but  Jackson  never  took  much  account  of 
Banks,  save  for  his  commissary  stores.)  Thus  making  four  times 
the  force  of  Jackson's  15,000.  And  yet  the  Federal  forces  missed 
their  prey.  Jackson  was  out  of  their  toils  and  the  "Foot  Cavalry" 
did  it.  Winder  had  marcher  over  50  miles  in  30  hours.  Is  it 
surprising  that  Lincoln  was  scared  and  that  the  World  gazed  in 
wonder?  Or  that  another  small  batch  of  100,000  men  was 
called  for  to  defend  Washington  ?  Such  marching  and  lighting 
has  no  example  in  military  history  since  the  conquest  of  Gaul  by 
Caesar. 

The  only  occasions  when  our  Infantry  could  not  surpass  the 
Federals  in  marching,  were  those  when  the  latter  were  "going  to 
the  rear."  1  have  often  wondered  at  the  surprising  "nack"  they 
had  in  getting  away  from  us.  I  suppose  it  was  because  they  went 
"in  light  marching  order,"  without  knapsack,  musket  or  overcoat 

"STAYING." 

Of  all  the  soldier-like  qualities  of  "Johnny  Reb,"  the  most 
conspicuous  was  what  is  known  on  "the  turf,"  as  the  "staying" 
quality,  as  well  illustrated  in  the  "Old  North  State,"  as  in  any 
other.  If  hungry,  he  staved  hungry  with  a  patience  beyond  belief. 
If  eating,  by  chance,  a  good  supper  ;  he  stayed  at  it  a  long  time. 
If  ordered  to  march,  he  stayed  struggling  on  the  best  he  could. 
If  ordered  to  hold  a  position,  he  stayed  there.  If  ordered  to  a 
charge,  he  stayed  "agoing"  until  the  enemy  were  out  of  sight.  It 
is  true  "Johnny  did  sometimes  stay  behind — not  to  "skulk," — but 
to  drag  his  weary  body  along  with  all  the  strength  left  in  him. 
And  when  a  tight  was  on  hand,  he  happened  somehow  to  be  there. 

It  was  General  Lee's  profound  confidence  in  the  steady  valor 
and  "staying"  quality  of  his  troops  that  made  him  boldly  encounter 
on  all  occasions,  the  great  odds  against  him.  As  at  Fredericksburg 


10 

and  Chancellorsville,  two  to  one.  In  the  Wilderness,  three  to 
one.  General  ( irant  had  1 43 ,000  men.  Lee  but  43.000  the  first 
day,  (and  at  no  time  after,  more  than  54.000  men) — and  these, 
fighting  the  first  day  tor  the  most  part  in  Brigades  against  over- 
welming  odds:  at  one  time,  against  odds  ol  ten  to  one.  Be  it 
always  remembered  that  from  the  beginning  of  that  tierce  struggle 
in  the  Wilderness  to  the  end  of  the  contest  at  Coal  Harbor — that 
is,  from  the  5th  of  May  to  the  3d  of  June. — General  Grant's  losses 
in  killed  and  wounded  were  more  in  numbers,  than  General  Lee's 
entire  Army,  causing  General  Grant  to  send  on  the  ;th  of  May 
for  reinforcements,  at  Washington  and  from  other  points.* 

For  the  two  first  years  of  the  War.  victory  perched  on  the  ban 
ners  of  the  Southern  Army.  Everywhere  in  Virginia,  at  Bull  Run 
and  Manassas  ;  in  Jackson's  Valley  Campaign  against  Banks,  at 
McDowell,  Winchester,  Cross  Keys  and  Port  Republic  ;  in  the 
seven  days  around  Richmond — at  Games'  Mill,  Coal  Harbor, 
Savage  Station,  Kraser's  Farm,  ami  Malxern  Hill.  Hvc  battles 
in  7  days.  Then  again,  at  Slaughter's  Mountain,  and  at  second 
Manassas  where  there  were  3  days  fighting  and  3  victories.  Then 
at  Fredericksburg  and  at  Chancellorsville.  Yes  my  comrades, 
continuous  victories  for  t\\o  vears. 

Well  appointed  Federal  Armies  failed  in  five  attempts  to  march 
on  Richmond  and  w»-r«-  driven  out  of  Virginia  by  Confederate 
forces,  never  more  than  one  halt  ot  those  opposed  to  them,  and 
often  less  than  one-third;  and  all  the  time  with  inferior  arms, 
clothing  and  equipments:  and  \a>tly.  interior  Commissary  and 
Quarter  Master's  and  medical  stores,  hospital  supplies.  «\:c..  c\:c. 

•:'<TiMKT:il  (Jntiit  enteied  il,,.  ••\Vildi-nu-— '    uith   1  J;,.(MHI  mm  ..|  .-ill  arm-. 

Miave  the  until. >rit\  i.|  C..i,mel  (  harh-  Mughal!.  !<  ,r  Mat  in-  that  (ieiieral 
Lee's  force  when  he  l,.|t  \Iin,  Kim  \\u-  nut  ii\vr  |::.IMMI  men  \\'ith  part  «•! 
Swell's  o.rps.  )„.  |H.,(V|\  addled  tin-  Federal  advamv  ..ii  tin-  .".th  Max  and 
drove  hack  part-  «\'  tin  »  .•..! -|,s 

<  )u  the  7th  at  noun,  I.  .n-_:-ttv.-t  arri\.-<|  \\ith  1  l.unn  ,,„.,,.  ;m,l  ,|,-,,\,.  h;irk  th<' 
Federal  ^rijf lit,  with  i;ivat  -lanuhti'i-.  :.,•,-•,  amrn-u:iir  tln-n  iiunilK-ml  .'i4.(MMi 
nun.  The  foiitfst  \\  a-  tii-n-»-l\  \\a-c.l.  .lailv.  inn  i  I  t  h.-  ]  .",t  h  \\  lu-n  <  .rant'-  f<.n-«- 
wiM-t-  everywlierc  ivpnU-d.  II,  ,h,-n  ,-ali«-.l  tur  ivinti.r(vnuMit>  frmn  W:.-.!,- 
m^tcn:  and  did  not  ivsnnu  tlu-  nlK-nsivt-  until  the  l^th  H.vk.-nrid^- and 
Hoke  joined  Ltv  uith  li'.dOti  „„.„.  jUM  |,,.f,ir,.  j},,.  |,]1(0(|N  t-,,nt,.xi  at  <'«.al 
Harbor,  hy  which  time  (.rant  |,ad  received  n-int. ..  .vnieiil  ^  aiiiMiimini:  tn  i.\(MMi 
men,  making  his  si^ivjfati;  tonvs.that  dossed  the  HappahaniUK-k  I'.m.iKXi  mm. 
general  Lee',  a^re-ate.  inclusive  ,,i  Hreckenridjrc- and  H-.kr  did  nut  .-xcr^l 
It  is  a  significant  fact.  that,  m.twithstandiiitr  the  ample  appliaucrs,,t 
the  Federal  army,  their  dead,  in  th.^e  hattlev  Wt,n.  left  m.hnried  and  the 
woundi-d  left  <m  the  lield  uncaie.l  liu- 


II 

It  is  well  known  that  ample  and  regular  supplies  of  food  and 
clothing  contribute  greatly  to  the  good  discipline,  high  spirits 
and  morale  of  an  army — the  best  assurance  of  victories.  Their 
deficiency ;  to  its  discontent,  depression  of  spirits,  and  that  absence 
of  enthusiasm,  which  is  often -times  the  precursor  of  defeat. 

Now  it  is  beyond  dispute  that  no  armies  since  the  beginning 
of  this  century  were  so  completely  equipped  as  were  those  of  the 
Federal  Government ;  while  it  is  equally  indisputable  that  those 
of  the  South  were  as  signally  deficient  in  all  these  essential  requi 
sites.  Hence  to  great  inferiority  of  numbers  might  be  added  the 
supposed  disheartening  influence  of  scanty  and  irregular  supplies 
of  all  kinds,  to  impair  the  efficiency  of  the  Southern  Soldier. 
But  in  such  a  cause  and  with  such  leaders,  these  privations,  but 
added  to  their  strength  ;  ami  it  was  found  to  be  true  of  the  South 
ern  Infantry,  as  of  Soldiers  in  all  armies  that  "poverty,  privation 
and  want  are  the  school  of  tin-  good  soldier."  If  these  could 
make  soldiers,  then  Lee's  army  was  the  best  training  school  the 
world  has  ever  known. 

To  truly  describe  the  general  condition  of  our  men  seems  now 
like  gross  exaggeration.  In  my  brigade  when  marching  on  Win 
chester,  May  24th,  twenty  five  per  cent,  of  the  men  were  bare  footed 
and  the  rest  with  shoes,  only  in  name.  It  was  a  rare  thing  to  see 
a  soldier  with  overcoat,  or  blanket,  or  knapsack.  Next  day  how 
ever.  General  Banks's  stores  in  Winchester  supplied  them  with  all 
these  most  needed  wants  as  well  as  abundant  rations. 

I  once  heard  of  a  man  in  the  West,  who  had  invented  a  boat  to 
run  in  very  low  water,  to  keep  open  the  navigation  of  the  Ohio  in 
summer  months.  It  would  run  in  hco  feet,  one  foot,  six  inches  of 
water  :  in  fact,  if  no  water  could  be  found,  he  said  it  would  run 
where  the  ground  was  only  a  little  moist. 

I  think  "Johnny  Reb's "  appetite  much  resembles  the  wonder 
ful  performance  of  that  western  lx>at.  It  would  carry  him  along 
with  only  a  little  bacon  grease,  or  even  with  the  smell  of  Banks's 
commissary  stores — Hams  all  cooked  ready  for  us. 

If  any  one  doubts  the  superiority  of  the  Southern  Soldier,  let 
him  suppose  the  relative  numbers  in  battles  reversed,  and  then  ask 
what  would  have  been  the  result  ? 

Would  the  ablest  and  boldest  of  the  Federal  ( ienerals  have 
been  rash  enough  to  hurl  50,000  of  their  best  men  against  Lee  in 


command  of  100.000  Southern    Infantry  '      If  they   had  done  so. 
who  can  doubt  what  the  result  would  have  been  .-* 

It  was  often  said  by  Yankee  Soldiers  in  siH'ial  fvmrrst'  on  tin- 
picket  line.  "Oh  !  if  we  had  such  generals  as  Lee  and  Jackson,  we 
could  whip  you."  Docs  not  this  idea  admit  the  superiority  ot 
our  soldiers  and  generals  as  fully  as  any  one  can  expect." 

DESERTION. 

1  would  like,  if  time  permitted,  to  sav  a  \\ord  about   desertions. 

"Johnny"  did  not  understand  the  meaning  of  "desertion,"  as 
defined  by  "the  Articles  of  \Yar."  He  probably  never  taxed  him 
self  with  reading  such  "heavy  stuff",  and  1  don't  think  they  were 
ever  read  to  him  on  "parade  inspection. 

He  thought  it  no  harm  to  go  home  alter  a  hard  campaign,  tell 
his  story  of  battles,  see  "the  old  folks  at  home"  and  return  in  time 
for  another  tight. 

1  well  remember,  after  our  battles  around  Richmond,  when  \\  e 
were  recuperating  our  exhausted  strength  at  Liberty  Mills;  that 
the  Colonel  of  the  2ist  North  Carolina  regiment  came  to  my  tent 
one  morning  and  reported  that  /<'/7r  men.  the  night  before,  had 
left  his  command.  1  said  "Colonel  this  is  a  \ery  serious  matter 
and  must  be  promptly  attended  to  :  can't  these  men  be  pursued 
and  arrested  ?  1  le  "thought  they  c<  mid  not  be,  until  they  reached 
their  homes,  but  the  effect  of  arresting  them,  and  of  trying  them 

*NOTK.  The  Southern  Soldier  ua-  full  of  expedients  for  In-tiering  hi- 
condition:  hy  mititratini;  the  pani^  of  hunger;  h\  -upplying  deficiency  in 
clothin.tr.  and  hy  re-tori ULT  the  frequently  e \haii-ted  ammunition.  Hi-  ingenuity 
invented  "Stone  Soap"  and  rau  hide  -Inn  -  :  and  the  appropriation  of  the  arms. 
ammunition,  knapsacks.  i\c..  of'  dead  or  defeated  enemies,  often  restored  his 
exhauMed  -upplie-  of'  tln-e  article-.  Hi-  conlidencc.  coolnes-  and  hravery 
never  forsook  him  on  the  march,  or  in  the  conflict  ;  and  his  propensity  tor  tun 
and  jest  hroke  out  in  the  midst  of  dangers  in  the  heat  of  hattle.  Said  a  Sol 
dier  to  his  comrade,  in  a  lull  of  hattle  in  tin  "Wildcrne— '' :  "Taint  no  use 
to  shoot  these  Yankee-,  if  you  kill  ten  of  em.  twenty  step-  into  their  places- 
hut  the  dead 'un-' act  fair,  they  leave  u-  their  loaded  muskets."  "Come  out  of 
these  hoot-,  mv  friend/'  a-  a  Soldier  -aid  when  taking  that  article  from  a  dead 
enemy. 

It  is  a  well  authenticated  fact,  that  in  the   -evere    and    Moody    conflict  in  the 

Wildenu'-**,  atrainst  numher-.  which  would  have  heen  overwhelming  on  open 
ground,  our  men  ingenuously  supplemented  their  deficiency  of  numbers,  hy 
collecting  on  manv  occasions,  arm--fiill  of  muskets  and  cartridge  hoxes  from 
dead  or  defeated  enemies,  carrying  them  to  the  rear;  ready  tor  the  next  on- 
slaught  of  Grant's  forces.  Savinir  "lt>  a  pitv  to  wa.-te  so  much  tine  amuni- 
tion.  and  1  reckon  Ifmr  is  no  order-  <t(/in  shooting  Yankee-  \sith  their  own 

trims.      It  saves  taking  prisoners/' 


and  sentencing  them  to  be  shot  would  have  a  bad  effect  and 
deter  effectually,  other  citizens  from  that  State  from  entering  the 
Army."  "Hut  Colonel  that  matter  is  not  for  us  to  consider: 
desertion  in  this  wholesale  way  must  be  stopped."  "But,"  he 
rejoined,  "( ieneral  these  men  are  not  really  deserters,  they  will 
come  back  again  in  two  weeks  or  so,  if  let  alone ;  and  if  I  am 
not  much  mistaken,  will  bring  more  men  with  them."  I  was 
so  much  impressed  by  what  he  said,  that  I  concluded  to  try 
the  experiment  and  say  no  more  about  it.  Before  the  expiration 
of  the  three  weeks,  the  Colonel  appeared  one  morning  with  a 
cheerful  face,  and  said — "Well  (k-neral  my  deserters  have  all 
come  back."  "Forty  of  them."  I  replied,  "this  is  good  news." 
"Yes"  he  said,  "but  the  best  news  is.  that  they  have  brought  back 
with  them  thirty  cnie  new  recruits." 

This  presented  certainly,  a  novel  condition  of  things,  and 
might  well  call  for  some  modification  of  the  "Articles  of  War"  in 
relation  to  "desertion." 

In  calling  up  these  men,  I  delivered,  with  as  much  gravity  as  I 
could  assume,  a  lecture  on  the*  evil  of  desertion,  which  might,  as 
practiced  by  them,  disband  the  whole  army,  at  a  crisis  in  military 
movements.  I  then  dismissed  them  with  what  I  thought  the  keen 
est  reproach  I  could  utter,  viz:  "How  would  you  have  felt,  men, 
if  we  had  fought  a  battle  when  you  were  away?"  One  of  them 
replied  without  any  tears  in  his  eye  too,  "Oh  !  we  knew  that  'Old 
Stonewall'  had  to  rest  his  men  ;  but  General  if  a  battle  had  come 
off,  we  would  have  been  thar  somehow." 

Knowing  the  temper,  and  child-like  simplicity,  yet  the  true  loy 
alty  of  the  Southern  Soldier:  and  that  they  all,  in  the  beginning. 
had  been  volunteers  ;  I  was  always  opposed  to  shooting,  what 
were  called  "deserters." 

If  any  of  these  40  men  had  been  arrested  and  tried,  they  would 
have  been  condemned  and  shot,  and  yet  they  were  innocent  of 
the  crime  of  desertion. 

Jackson,  with  his  stern,  rigid  sense  of  duty,  felt  differently  and 
would  not  condone  any  violation  of  rules. 

(ieneral  Lee  sanctioned  the  shooting  of  three  men  convicted  of 
desertion,  in  the  winter  of  1862-63,  but  never  afterward. 

He  knew  that  in  an  army,  composed  as  ours  was,  of  true  men, 
it  would  be  a  cruel  sacrifice  of  lives— a  two  edged  sword  which 
would,  while  striking  at  a  crime,  wound  our  cause  in  a  vital  point. 


The  feelings  of  the'  Army  were  against  it.  Almost  the  univer 
sal  sentiment  of  the  South  was  opposed  to  such  rigorous  construc 
tion  of  martial  law. 

In  very  truth,  we-  know  that  the  Southern  Armies  were  com 
posed  of  men,  such  as  filled  the  ranks  of  no  others  since  the  days 
of  Caesar,  and  he — -that  greatest  of  all  generals  and  of  all  men,  did 
not  punish  soldiers  even  when  guilty  of  mutinous  revolt.  He 
only  told  them  to  "go  home1  that  they  should  not  serve  in 
Caesar's  Army."  That  was  to  them  the  bitterest  condemnation 
and  they  sought  forgiveness  on  bended  knee>. 

Suppose  tor  one-  moment  that  (ieneral  Lee  had  called  before 
him  a  brigade  or  a  regiment  from  which  men  had  deserted  and 
said  to  them  "some  ol  your  men  have  tarnished  the  good  name 
ot  this  Army  by  deserting  its  rank*  and  our  cause,  go  home,  if 
you  will ;  but  if  you  stay  your  color*  shall  be  taken  from  you." 
Does  not  every  one  of  us  know  that  that  condemned  Brigade 
would,  in  the  very  next  battle,  have  sought  death  in  the  foremost 
ranks  to  win  back  the  favor  ot  a  beloved  rhirf. 

MARYLAND    MKV 

I  must  here  say  a  word  or  two  of  the  Maryland  men.  ( ieneral 
S.  Cooper.  Adjutant  (ieneral  of  our  <  iovrrmnent.  told  me  in 
Richmond,  that  over  21.000  Marylander*  had  entered  the  South 
ern  Armies.  Very  unfortunately  I  think  for  the  good  name  of 
our  State,  and  for  the  success  ot' the  cause  espoused,  these  soldiers 
were  never  organi/ed  into  Brigades  or  Divisions.  There  were 
enough  to  make  a  corps,  and  what  a  corps  it  would  have  been  : 
what  deeds  performed  ! 

(ieneral  Lee-  often  told  me  that  he  had  much  at  heart,  the  sep 
arate  organi/ation  of  the  Marylanders.  "They  are.  he  said,  un 
rivalled  soldiers  and  if  brought  together  we  may  get  many  other 
Marylanders  to  join  us." 

In  a  letter  ot  May  isr^.  when  I  applied  after  sickness,  to  join 
him,  lu-  wrote  :  "I  have  something  better  for  you.  I  wish  you 
to  take  command  of  the  Shenandoah  Valley— your  headquarters 
at  Staunton.  You  will  have  all  the  Maryland  troops,  which  I 
hope  you  will  be  able  to  organize  and  build  up  into  something 
respectable-.  \<n\  can  give  general  supervision  of  operations 
there,  and  form  the  left  wing  of  tin-  Army.  Let  me  know  your 
decision  and  I  will  issue  the  necessary  orders." 


15 

Before  I.was  well  enough  to  reach  Staunton,  the  move  into 
Pennsylvania  had  begun,  and  I  was  swept  along  with  it.  And  so 
the  collection  of  Maryland  men  into  Brigades,  &c.,  was  never 
accomplished. 

And  now  my  friends,  I  shall  trespass  on  your  patience  but  a 
moment  longer. 

At  first  we  had  but  one  regiment  of  Marylanders,  the  gallant 
ist.  How  shall  I  speak  of  that  ?  Every  one  in  Lee's  and  Jack 
son's  Armies  admitted  the  superiority  of  its  martial  bearing ;  its 
unquestioned  bravery  and  its  unequalled  discipline.  On  a  march- 
not  hobbling  along  in  broken  ranks,  but  proud  and  erec^  in  neat 
fitting  uniforms,  they  "swung  on"  in  platoons  of  fours,  "right 
shoulder  shift,"  keeping  step,  "with  flag  to  the  breeze."  How 
superb  they  looked  ;  no  "straggling"  there ;  on  they  swept, 
"dauntless  and  fearless  and  free,"  always  welcomed  with  a  cheer 
as  they  passed  by  other  troops.  They  could  march  better,  fight 
better,  make  better  biscuits  than  any  soldiers  of  the  Army. 

Oh  !  if  we  could  have  had  a  Division  or  Corps  of  such  Soldiers  ; 
some  of  us  would  have  seen  more  of  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania 
and  stayed  there  longer  I  think.  I  once  said  to  General  Lee  after 
the  battles  around  Richmond,  when  urging  the  collection  of 
Marylanders  together ;  that  with  20,000  such  men,  he  could  march 
to  New  York.  That  was  "tall  bragging."  But  who  can  say  it 
might  not  have  been  done?  The  ist  were  the  "dandies"  of 
the  Army ;  better  dressed  ;  better  shod  ;  better  drilled  and  in 
gayer  spirits  than  any  in  thr  whole  Army,  and  never  one 
deserter. 

Who  that  has  stood  on  some  battlefield  of  the  war — made 
memorable  by  heroic  deeds  and  dauntless  bravery — that  was  not 
impressed  with  deep  solemnity  in  gazing  over  its  features  ?  I  have 
done  so,  but  one  year  after  the  war  was  over,  and  surveyed  with 
overpowering  emotions  the  plain  where 

Bright  sword  and  gle.uuing  bayonet  flashed 

In  the  light  of  mid-day  where  serried  host* 

Were  shivered  ;  and  the  grew— green  from  the  soil 

Of  carnage ;  then  waved  above  the  crushed 

And  mouldering  skeleton — where  plats  of  broken  soil 

Still  warned  the  plain — showing  where  "unnamed" 

Graven  entoml>ed  the  fallen  dead  "names  unknown 

To  all,  but  heroes  mill." 


1 6 

And  as  my  eve  tell  on  these  humble  hillocks,  and  my  stops  pro 
faned  not  their  hallowed  earth  ;  I  stood  with  uncovered  boat!  and 
bowed  in  homage  to  the  heroes  who  had  passed  to  silence  and 
patriotic  dust.  And  as  the  glance  tell  on  the  undulating  surface 
ot  that  held — its  bordering  woods;  it.s  fences  and  tangled  under 
growth  :  what  sight  did  memory  picture  nn>st  \i\idly  in  the  con 
rlict  that  ragod  there3  \\'as  it  that  noble  chieftain,  who  so  much 
won  our  love  and  admiration  .'  Seated  calmly,  with  majestic 
grandeur,  on  the  old  14 ivy  horse,  and  who  only  loved  better  the 
eause  he  served  than  the  lives  ol  his  "boys  in  gray."  The  lilting  of 
whose  arm  made  a  nation  tremble,  and  whose  presence  was  ever, 
the  inspiration  ot' victory  \o  '  it  was  not  him. 

\Yas  it  the  boom  ot  the  14 real  guns  <  >n  yonder  hill  sending  and 
receiving  death  at  every  roar  and  covering  the  field  with  that 
sulphureous  canopy  the  battle  shn.wd  <  >l  those  who  die  '  No! 
it  was  not  the  cannon's  roar,  nor  the  wild  shriek  ot"  shot  and  shell. 
Then  what  was  it  !  I'll  tell  you  mv  comrades. 

It  was  that  //v/i,'  line  n\  tjnsk\-  forms  and  flashing  bayonets  which 
moves  with  silent,  steady  tread  across  \-on  open  field  and  towards 
yonder  woods,  from  which  the  menu  has.  for  one  hour,  sent 
sheets  of  leaden  hail  and  from  which  a  fiercer  tempest  is  poured, 
as  those  intrepid  men  advance.  The  plain  is  dotted  behind  them 
thick  with  fallen  forms.  The  line  gj-o\\x  ragged  under  this  relent 
less  deluge  ot  death  Hags  go  down:  but  float  again  :  Still  on 
they  go  ;  on:  on:  on!  The  wood  is  near,  we  hold  our  breath, 
and  then,  above  the  mad  roar  ot  the  conflict,  there  swells  upon  the 
air  that  "Rebel  cheer"  before  uhich  n«>  hostile  forces  ever  stood  - 
and  the  day  is  won. 

\  es  :  my  comrades;  another  victory  vict»rv  after  victorv  : 
why— my  friends,  we  were  tS""X'>'</  with  victories,  and  we  begun  to 
loathe  them.  They  were  too  dearly  paid  tor.  by  the  blood  of  our 
brave  men.  not  the  hirelings  of  foreign  lands)  and  the  tears  wrung 
from  broken  hearts  in  far-off  southern  homes. 

VICTORY. 

It   is  said   that   a   victory   is  sadder  even  than  a  defeat.      In  the 
latter,  we  do  not  ivali/e  at  once  our  loss.       In  the  former,  we  are  face 
to  face  with  the  ghastly  wounds  of' the  fallen,  hear  the  heart-rend 
mg  moans  of  the  wounded,  and  we  must  perform  the  saddest  <>f all 


luties,  the  task  oi"  hunting  tor  and  interring  our  dead  comrades. 
Then  the  triumphant  cheer  is  changed  to  subdued  tones,  as  the 
dead  are  thrown  into  hastily  made  grave*.  There  they  repose  ; 
no  name,  nor  stone  to  mark  the  spot.  Yes ;  they  will  march  no 
more — hunger  no  more — tight  no  more — but  sleep  undisturbed 
until  the  "Great  Reveille"  shall  wake  them  to  a  better  life  :  where 
wars  are  not,  where  no  tears  are  shed  nor  weariness  is  known. 
Yes ;  there  they  slumber ;  tar  away  from  their  homes  of  sunny 
childhood.  The  wild  Mowers  of  summer  are  all  that  deck  these 
humble  mounds. 

-Which  tell  of  hearts  that  are  wailing  in  vain 
For  tlu we  wlu»  shall  never  wine  home  again  ; 
CM" the  willow's  moan  ami  the  orphan's  ery 
Ami  the  mother's  s|iewhless  agony.'' 

Ah  !  no  :     humble  ,     enduring  ;     patriotic  ;     brave  ;     unselfish  ; 
glorious!     "Johnny   Reb."  you  will  never  be  forgotten;  you  need 
no  sculptured  stone,  nor  classic  epitaph  to  tell  of  your  deeds. 
They  will  be  sung  in  verse  and  told  in  story. 

"When  marlile  wear*  away. 

Ami  monument.*  are  dust." 

But   1  have  detained  you  too  long  \\ith  this  feeble  tribute  to  tin- 
valor  and  prowess  of  the  Southern  infantry  and  will  close  by  words 
from  the  verse  of  our  sweetest  Southern  Poet 
"Kinn  as  the  firmest  win-re  duty  led 

He  hurried  without  a  falter; 

Bold  a*  the  Utldot  )u-  fought  and  l>lfd 

Ami  the  day  was  won —hut  the  Held  was  re<l, 

And  the  Mood  of  hi>  fre>h  young  heart  wan  shed 

For  his  fountr\'»  hallowed  altar. 

Hut  ih   ir  memories  e'er  shall  remain,  to  us 

Their  names— hright  names  without  stain,  for  us  ; 

The  glory  they  won  shall  not  wane,  for  us  ; 

In  legend  and  lay.  our  heroes  i  i  gray 

Shall  forever  live  over  again  for  us." 


"OUR  CAVALRY." 

First   in  the  front,  last   in  the  rear.     The  Artillery  rested 
sometimes;  the  Infantry  rarely;  the  Cavalry  never. 

KKSPOM>1.1)    TO    BY 

LT.  COL.  CI.KMKNT  St  1. 1  VANE, 

A.  ,\.  <;.  ITSTIS  I.KK'S  DIVISION.  A.  N.  VA. 


MR.  PRESIDENT  AND  MY  OLD  COMRADES: 

There  is  some  indefiniteness  about  this  sentiment  which  I  am 
called  on  to  respond  to,  that  tends  to  further  embarrass  the  well 
known  modesty  of  a  cavalry-man.  "Always"  first  in  the  front 
and  last  in  the  rear."  Front  of  what  and  rear  of  what  ?  If  it  be 
intended  to  insinuate  that  they  are  always  first  to  sit  down  at  a 
well  spread  table,  "with  concomitants  accordin',"  and  the  last  to 
leave*  it,  in  allusion  to  the  well  known  slur  of  the  other  corps  of  the 
service  on  the  Confederate  cavalry,  that  they  were  always  first  in 
the  front  to  attack  the  turnip  patches  and  such  like  other  objects 
of  a  soldier's  love,  gracefully  retired  to  the  rear  at  the  first  sound 
of  heavy  guns,  and  there  pertinaciously  remained  to  supply  them 
selves  with  the  debris  of  battle  before  expeditiously  following  the 
infantry  and  artillery  in  advance  or  retreat,  then  fellow  soldiers,  I 
repel  the  same  with  indignation. 

Hut  the  second  sub-division  of  this  sentiment  seems  to  forbid 
the  idea  of  any  such  intention.  "The  Artillery  sometimes  rested, 
the  Infantry  rarely,  the  Cavalry  never."  Being  in  the  past  tense  it 
cannot  refer  to  the  present,  and  can  mean  but  one  thing,  viz  :  that 
the  Artillery  sometimes  rested  from  marching  and  fighting,  the 
Infantry  rarely,  and  the  Cavalry  nci'er.  And  taking  the  two 
together,  especially  in  view  of  this  so  happy  an  occasion  that 
brings  so  many  of  us  old  soldiers  together  once  more,  I  can  but 
conclude  that  it  is  designed  as  a  compliment,  and  in  reply  to  it  on 
part  of  my  cavalry  comrades,  will  say  that  we  are  as  happy  to 
meet  our  old  comrades  of  the  Infantry  and  Artillery  on  this  fes 
tive  occasion,  as  (and  many  a  time  it  has  been)  we  were  in  the 
stern  days  of  yore,  after  weary  hours  of  "holding  the  situation," 
to  see  the  long  lines  of  bayonets  of  the  one  wheeling  into  line 
behind  us.  and  tin-  other  unlimbering  their  cannon  in  hot  haste  on 
the  adjacent  hill  tops.  Then  indeed  "there  was  music  in  the  air." 

But  the  fact  is,  Mr.  President,  it  was  my  fate  to  serve  in  all  three 
wings  of  that  famous  army,  that  even  in  defeat,  has  added  fresh 
glory  to  the  annals  of  war,  and  I  think  I  can  speak  impartially. 
Being  not  much  more  than  an  infant,  naturally  I  first  served  in 
the  Infantry  and  graduated  in  that  renowned  corps  under  then 
Capt.  (since  Colonel)  J.  Lyle  Clark,  here  present,  ably  assisted  in 


his  tutcla^f  by  Unit.  Steuart  Symington,  seated  at  my  side,  who 
was  the  "pretty  lad"  «>f  <mr  company-  -  and  I  believe  the  ladies 
maintain  it  to  this  day.  Certainly  it  is  not  I  who  will  say  them 
nay.  Then,  like-  my  friend.  Col.  Jack  Wharton,  of  celebrated 
memory.  being  of'  a  somewhat  adventurous  turn  in  those  days  ol 
youth,  glory  and  hope,  and  having  always  heard  that  "it  you 
want  to  catch  h-11  just  jine  the  cavalry.  "I  attached  myself  to  that 
celebrated  corps  and  had  full  opportunity  f«>i"  <i  year  and  a  halt 
to  experience 'the  full  benefit  of  the  situation.  And  then  1  went 
back  to  my  first  love,  there  to  remain  until  the  last  guns  but  those 
of  Appomattox  resounded  over  desolated  but  e\  er  glorious  Vir 
ginia.  I  refer  of  course  to  "Sailor's  Creek."  My  experience 
with  my  friends,  the  Artillerists,  so  handsomely  represented  hen- 
to-night  by  Lieut.  Col.  Mclntosh.  was  indeed  but  brief,  being  in 
point  of  tact  confined  to  the  \olunteer  service  oj  a  single  day. 
when  I  became  entangled  and  somewhat  mashed  up  in  one  ol 
their  rascally  caissons  on  that  day  ol  blood  when,  in  one  broad 
wave  of  fiery  valor.  Infantry.  Artillery  and  Cavalry  rolled  over  the 
ramparts  of  Corinth,  where  -inextricably  intermingled)  the  red, 
the  yellow,  and  the  blue  c-nsi^ns  of  the  service  fell  together,  and 

"Kvcli  a-  llu-\    t't  II    ill   tilt-  thr\    l:t\  . 
I, ike  the  iiiM\vrr'-  Lrra  —  ai   th<    <•!<'-«•  <•(  <la\ 
When  hi-  work  i-  «l«inr  <>n  tin    lr\vll»-<l  plain. 
Such  was  the  tail  "(the  t'<>tvmi>-t  -lain." 

and  cavalry,  infantry,  and  artillery  wen-  all  alike,  the  "first  in  the 
front  and  the  last  in  the  rear  at  the  storming  of  Corinth. 

Mr.  President.  I  served  during  our  memorable  and  disastrous 
civil  struggle  from  the  Kast  to  the  \\Yst  and  back  again  to  the 
Kast,  and  wherever  I  \\ent.  in  >:>iv  branch  of  the  service,  I  met 
with  Marylanders.  And  why  is  it.  I  will  ask.  why  is  it  that  every 
Marylander  tin-ills  <tt  the  name  ot  Maryland;*  It  is  because  he 
feels  a  just  pride  in  his  State  and  of  the  people  of  whom  he  is  a 
unit.  It  is  because  he  glories  in  the  valor  of  her  sons  in  the  times 
of  war.  their  enterprise  and  law-abiding  disposition  in  the  days  of 
peace.  Because  from  the  commencement  of  the  national  history 
to  the  present  hour— all  over  the  globe-  -from  the  icy  wastes  of 
(  anada  tar  away  to  the  South  when-  the  bright  green  terraces  and 
ever  flowering  gardens  of  Mexico,  bloom  forever  beneath  the  sky 
ot  the  tropics.  (  )n  the  trackless  ocean,  where  the  very  war  of  tin- 
elements  has  been  drowned  in  the  thunder  of  American  cannon. 


f(7/<-/r:rr  the  American  flag  is  flung  to  the  breeze,  there  have- 
throbbed,  and  still  throb,  Maryland  hearts  beneath  the  uniform  of 
their  country.     Wherever  America  has  waged  war.  by  land  or  sea-, 
in  protection  of  the  rights,  the  dignity,  and  the  interests  of  her 
people,  the  children  ol  Maryland  have  crowded  "foremost  in  the 
front"  and   fallen  in  heaps  beneath  the  banner  of  the  Republic. 
And  as  for  the  rear !  who  was  it  that  in  our  last  and  greatest  war 
got  so  "full  of  right,"  that  seven  months  after  our  own  Generals 
told  the  ragged  remnants  of  us  to  quit  fighting  and  go  home  and 
be  as  good  citizens  as  we  had  been  soldiers,  and  that  was  all  they 
wished  of  us,  and  we  never  quit    until  then — our   distinguished 
guest,  the  famous  Lieutenant  General  of  the  army  of  North  Vir 
ginia,  the  most  honored  as  the  most  renowned  of  tiring  Virginians, 
exclaims  "not  by  mv  orders" — and  I  yield  to  the  accuracy  of  hisstate- 
ment — but  it  was  by  order  of  him  who  unc^er  God  commanded  us 
all,  Robert  K.  Lee.     I  ask  you.  who  was  it  that  aroused  the  echoes 
of  the  deep  blue  Pacific  with  Confederate  cannon?     It  was  the 
Captain  of  the  Shenand  oah,  and  he  was  a  Mary  lander,  and  his  name 
was  Waddell,  and  he  sits  by  my  side.     And  his  guns  were  the 
re-echoing  of  echoes  that  were  sounding  over  the  stormy  Atlantic, 
and  thc\  were  those  of  a  Marylander  and  his  name  was  Semmes. 
I   tell    you,  gentlemen,  that   practically    Marylanders  began  that 
war;  the  first  blood  was  shed  in  your  own  streets  of  Baltimore,  and 
they  certainly  ended  it.     That  i>  to  say,  and  to  be  entirely  accurate, 
it  was  a  Maryland  gun  that  was  rired  on  the  Shenandoah  by  a 
South  Carolinian  whose  name  was  Grimble,  a  compatriot  and  friend 
of  the  famous  Carolinian  whom  all   Maryland  delights  to  honor, 
the  last  commander  of  the  cavalry  of  the  army  of  North  Virginia— 
another  distinguished  guest  who  graces  us  with  his  presence  on 
this  occasion.  I  can  but  refer  to   Lieut.  General  Wade  Hampton 
of  South  Carolina.     The   blood   of  the  sons  of  Maryland   crim 
soned  the  snows  of  Quebec  in  the  early  dawn  of  the  revolution. 
It  was  poured  out  as  free  as  a  gushing  torrent  on  the  melancholy- 
plains  of  disastrous  Camden.  where  a  Maryland  brigade  perished 
well  nigh  to  a  man  in  protecting  the  retreat  of  their  defeated  com 
rades.     And  tardy  justice  is  now  about  to  be  done,  mainly  through 
the  instrumentality  of  the  distinguished  soldier  who  presides  over 
this  Association,  to  that  renowned  foreign  soldier  who  there  led 
our  ancestors  to  battle.     Maryland  blood  reddened  the  fortifica 
tions  of  Monterey,  stained  the  hoary  ramparts  of  Chapultepec, 
and  rained  a  ghastly  clew  on  the  hill  slopes  of  Gettysburg. 


24 

Mr.  President,  it  is  not  tin-  Confederate  survivors  of  the  late 
desperate  simple  between  the  States  who  arc-  ashamed  of  their 
sleeping  comrades.  <>r  of  the  cause  in  which  they  fell.  Theirs  were 
acts  not  to  be  excused  but  applauded — not  to  be  pardoned  but 
admired.  And  it  is  not  in  this  company  that  1  will  condescend  to 
vindicate  deeds  that  history  will  teach  the  remotest  posterity  to 
revere,  and  which  are  calculated  to  enkindle  in  the  heart"  of  un 
born  millions  tin-  holy  enthusiasm  ot  freedom.  //<••  have  already 
placed  their  names- — side  by  side  with  the  heroes  ot  the  revolution. 
ol  the  war  ot  iSu.  and  ot  Mexico,  and  garlanded  with  the  immor 
telles  that  belong  t, ,  the  fallen  brave,  in  that  niche  in  the  Temple  of 
Fame  where  they  \\ill  be  preserved  s.iered  and  inviolate  through 
all  the  atje.-v  At  least,  while  liberty  remains  a  name  upon  earth 
and  selt  sacrificing  patriotism  and  unflinching  courage  are  honored 
ainono  men.  \\'e  revere  their  memory,  we  justify  the  cause  in 
which  they  have  fallen,  and  I  trust  I  may  hope  and  say  in  conclu 
sion.  Gentlemen  of  Maryland,  that  >hould  any  proper  occasion 
arise,  we  ol  this  ^eiieration  may  be  lound  c(jual  t<»  the  task  <>J 
emulating  their  example. 


"OUR  ARTILLERY." 

Though  occasionally  their  roinn  was  better  than  their  coin 

pany,  by  reason  ol    the   marked    attention    which    they 

attract ttl  from  the  enemy,  as  a  rule  they  were  very 

welcome — except    to    the    people    opposite. 

RKSl'ONDKl)    TO    HY 

COL.  DAVID  <i.  Me  1NTOSH. 

MiINTOSH's    BATTALION    AKTII.I.KKY.  A.   N.  YA. 


MR.  PRESIDENT  AND  FELLOW  COMRADES: 

It  is  such  a  very  long  while  since  I  have  had  anything  to  do 
with  trailing  a  gun,  or  handling  a  battery  ;  I  am  afraid,  in  endeav 
oring  to  respond  to  this  toast  to  the  "Artillery,"  1  shall  rind  I  have 
almost  forgotten  how  to  "unlimber"  and  come  into  "action  front." 

I  congratulate  myself  however,  that  on  this  occasion,  I  need  be 
in  no  hurry  to  get  the  range  of  an  enemy;  that  there  is  no  bother 
ation  about  ascertaining  the  true  difference  between  the  "line  of 
sight"  and  the  "line  of  tire;"  that  I  have  no  "Hausses"  to  look 
through,  and  no  "Horses"  to  look  after;  and  that  I  can  quietly 
throw  a  harmless  shell,  only  taking  care  that  my  fuse  be  not  cut 
too  long. 

I  am  reminded  by  the  terms  in  which  you  have  been  pleased  to 
convey  this  toast,  that  there  were  times,  when  our  room  was  pre 
ferred  to  our  company,  and  our  brothers  of  the  Cavalry  and  the 
Infantry  did'nt  care  to  haxe  the  Artillery  as  near  neighbors,  by 
reason  of  the  attention  bestowed  upon  them  by  the  other  side. 

I  cannot  undertake  to  speak  for  those  branches  of  the  service, 
but  speaking  for  the  Artillery.  I  think  I  am  safe  in  saying  that- 
such  a  feeling  was  never  reciprocated  on  their  side.  They  may 
have  been  a  little  exclusive  about  the  matter  of  camps  ;  and  I 
think  I  have  heard  of  their  anxiety  to  get  as  far  away  to  them 
selves  as  possible:  because  perhaps  of  an  impression  which  gen 
erally  prevailed,  l hat  Hardee's  tactics  didn't  lay  sufficient  stress  on 
the  distinction  between  meunt  and  tuum. 

Hut  whenever  then-  was  a  tight  on  hand,  we  were  as  social  as 
possible;  we  always  loved  company  then  ;  and  we  were  ready  to 
embrace  our  Infantry  Brothers,  and  be  embraced  by  them  even  to 
two  or  three  lines  deep.  1  think  about  the  lonesomest  feeling  in 
the  world,  certainly  the  lonesomest  to  an  Artilleryman,  is  to  be 
expecting  a  charge  every  moment  and  not  be  able  to  see  any 
support  around. 

One  of  the  lonesomest  experiences  of  that  sort  which  came  to  my 
knowledge,  happened  during  that  campaign  about  which  we  have 
been  so  elcxjuently  entertained  by  the  distinguished  speaker  of 
the  evening. 


2$ 

While-  tlu-  famished  men  and  horses  uere  lu.xuratin^  on  tin- 
stores  raptured  at  Manassas  [unction,  a  battery  was  ordei  cd  to 
take  position  upon  the-  crest  of  a  hill  some  distance  to  the  south 
to  meet  an  apprehended  attack  from  the  direction  ol  Bristow  Sta 
tion.  \Yhich  they  proceeded  t»  d<>  icithout  their  stores. 

The  afternoon  su\v  all  the  troops  m  the  neighborhood  m»>\c  oil 
to  the  north,  and  ni^ht  came  on.  l>nt  no  u  <  >rd  to  the  Battery. 
The  hours  ^ivu  longer  as  the  darkness  increased,  and  an  occa 
sional  scout  sent  out  reported  nothing  behind  but  the  smoking 
ruins  at  the  (unction,  and  nothing  in  tr<»nt  bin  the  ominous  rum 
blin^  ol  moving  trams,  l.on^  after  midnight  a  Mjiiad  of  passing 
cavalry  gave  the  -oothin^  intelligence  that  th<-y  brought  uj>  tin- 
rear  vjuard  of  the  .  rmy.  and  that  the  t  iicmy  wasn't  tar  oft. 
You've  heard  of  the  buy  that  stood  ,  ,n  the  burning  deck:  but 
there  wasn't  any  ('asabianca  in  that  Battei  v  on  that  ni^ht.  Those 
boys  didn't  want  to  be  burned  up  or  Cobbled  up  :  they  coin  hided  it 
was  too  utterly  lonesome,  and  day  li^ht  next  morning  tound  them 
.it  Centreville  behind  as  many  lines  o(  Infantry  as  they  could  find. 

But  Mr.  President,  in  responding  to  a  sentiment,  offered  as  this 
is,  to  a  branch  ot  the  service  representing  s< .  main  braxe  and  dis 
tinguished  men,  I  am  afraid  1  should  .ippear  u  anting  in  proper 
respect,  if  I  allowed  m\  remarks  to  be  made  altogether  in  the 
spirit  < »t  levitx  . 

It  has  its  painful    reimudeis.  but  it  has  also  much    that  none   ol 
us  would  be  \\illiniLi  t«>  blot  out  or  extinguish. 

It  is  not  eas\  to  speak  ot  the  past  JUM  as  ..m  teels.  ( »r  as  one 
would  like. 

1  hen-  is  something  in  the  discipline    .md  the  danger  and  priva 
tions  of   a  soldier's  lite,  which   always  make  its  n  trospect  the  ten 
derest   spot  in  his  life.      He   nurses  its  irenn.ry  with  tender  solici 
tude,  and  no  matter  how  rich  or  how  poor,  he  esteems  it  amoiuj  the 
costliest  ot   Ins  earthly  possessions. 

\\hen  these  ot  us  therefore  who  km.u  something  of  what  th.it 
experience  means,  meet  together  m  these  annual  reunions,  the 
world  outside  may  well  excuse  us  it  we  pause  tor  a  moment  attain 
to  look  each  other  in  the  face,  and  briefly  renew  the  associations 
begotten  in  the  past.  There  isn't  a  true  soldier  to-day,  on  either 
side  who  would  exchange  his  armv  experience  tor  any  period  of 
his  life  of  e<|ual  durati*  >n. 


29 

I  take  it  therefore  there  is  no  arrogance  or  conceit,  no, — nor  dis- 
Ity   either — in  saying  I  am  proud  of  my  association  with  the 
Artillery  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia. 

;e  of  us  can  be  insensible  to  the  impressions  which  the  last 
twenty  years  have  made  ;  we  are  all  of  us  to  some  extent  moulded 
by  events. 

Perhaps  few,  if  any  of  those  who  fought  the  stoutest,  would 
now  wish  to  change  the  final  issue  of  the  struggle.  The  thing 
which  most  concerns  us,  and  that  which  must  assuredly  be 
accorded  to  us  by  History,  is  that  in  doing  what  we  did,  we  did 
under  a  solemn  sense  of  duty.  It  was  the  sense  of  duty  and  the 
supreme  conviction  that  right  was  on  our  side,  which  made  us  the 
soldiers  that  we  were. 

It  would  be  envidious.  Mr.  President,  and  perhaps  in  bad  taste 
for  me  to  allude  specially  on  this  occasion  to  the  part  which  the 
Artillery  bore  in  our  memorable  struggle. 

For  myself,  I  have  always  concluded  that  to  the  Infantry  man 
in  the  ranks,  belongs  the  first  place  of  Honor.  And  I  remember 
that  when  I  was  accustomed  to  see  those  little  squads  mustered  at 
nightfall  from  their  respective  regiments  and  detailed  to  creep  out 
to  the  trenches  on  the  picket  line,  there  to  lie  for  twenty  four 
hours  in  the  mud  and  ice.  between  the  lines  of  opposing  forces 
only  a  few  hundred  yards  apart.  I  always  felt  like  lifting  my  hat 
to  them  as  par  excellence,  the  heroes  of  our  army. 

But  while  the  Artillery  had  little  opportunity  for  the  display  of 
dash,  and  were  denied  the  thrill  of  that  exulting  joy  which  runs 
along  the  line  of  a  victorious  charge ;  and  while  their  chief  merit 
lay  in  the  exercise  of  passive  obedience  and  dogged  resistance, 
there  was  now  and  then  an  exhibition  of  their  daring  temper  as 
well  as  their  stubborn  courage. 

I  trust  you  will  pardon  my  recalling  an  instance.  I  accom 
panied  Dement's  Maryland  Battery  when  a  division  of  our  Army 
attacked  the  left  flank  of  the  enemy,  near  the  Weldon  railroad,  in 
front  of  Petersburg.  The  movement  was  quick  and  rapid,  but 
the  battery  moving  thro'  an  open  space  on  the  edge  of  the  wood, 
kept  abreast  of  our  front  line  of  battle,  firing  as  it  advanced,  and 
when  the  battle  was  over,  and  while  we  were  gathering  in  the 
captured  guns  and  prisoners,  a  section  of  the  battery  commanded 
by  the  gallant  soldier  who  now  sits  near  me.  Lieutenant  Hill,  tak- 


ing  nut  their  horses  ran  their  guns  by  hand  in  front  of  our  pickets, 
and  within  2<x>  yards  of  the  enemy's  works,  firing  several  rounds 
of  cannister  in  the  very  lace  of  the  enemy  and  getting  off  without 
a  scratch. 

Amid  all  the  glorious  achievements  ot  our  army  in  every 
branch,  there  isn't  a  more  brilliant  episode  than  the  defense  of 
Fort  ( iregg,  garrisoned  by  the  Chesapeake  Artillery  and  the 
"Sups"  from  the  battalion,  armed  with  muskets,  and  nicknamed 
"Walker's  mules."  The  proper  history  of  that  defence  has  yet 
to  be  written.  1  saw  column  after  column  of  heavv  black  masses 
of  troops  broken  and  shattered  by  the  tire  from  the  guns  in  the 
works,  and  when  after  repeated  efforts  the  enemy  succeeded  in 
crossing  the  moat  and  scaling  the  rampart.  1  could  see  the  flash 
of  the  «4ims,  with  the  enemy  at  their  mn/./les.  and  the  gunners 
bayoneted  at  their  p<  >sts. 

I  cannot.  Mr.  President,  in  the  .short  spare  ot  time  within  which 
I  am  cautioned  to  burn  mv  tnse,  venture-  to  allude  to  the  person 
nel  ot  the  Artillery.  Hut  I  must  be  permitted  to  offer  a  single 
word  by  way  of  tribute  to  that  ^ood  man  and  distinguished  sol 
dier,  who  was  the  Chief  ot  Artillerv  «»t  the  Army  of  Northern 
\  irgmia  and  whose  death  has  been  recorded  sinre  our  last  meet 
ing. 

He  first  saw  .service  as  Captain  ot  a  battery  with  Colonel, 
afterwards  (  ieneral  Stonewall  Jackson:  was  conspicuous  with  his 
smooth  brass  guns  at  the  first  Manassas.  and  was  made  Chief  of 
Artillerv  first  under  <  ien'l  Johnson,  ami  then  under  (  ien'l  Lee. 
It  was  in  the  last  capacity  that  I  knew  him. 

Phe  organization  of  the  Artillerv  was  such  that  it  could  never 
be  handled  as  a  whole,  and  there  was  little  opportunity  for  tin- 
display  of  ability  on  the  part  of  a  Chief,  except  in  the  general 
efficiency  of  that  arm  of  the  service.  In  this  respect,  (ieneral 
Pendleton  displayed  the  most  excellent  judgment,  and  his  direc 
tions  and  suggestions  on  the  field  were  always  marked  by  great 
prudence  and  sagacity.  <  )ne  had  only  to  see  and  speak  with  him 
a  moment,  to  discover  that  he  was  not  only  the  educated,  but  the 
Christian  soldier.  He  often  received  honorable  mention  in  the 
official  reports  of  the  Campaign,  and  he  possesed.  I  believe,  the 
entire  confidence-  of  that  great  leader,  whom  we  all  trusted  and 
delighted  to  follow.  His  great  and  beloved  commander  went 


3' 

before  him,  and  now,  he  too  has  crossed  over  that  river,  upon  thr 
banks  of  which,  we  still  pitch  our  tents,  and  has  passed  to  the 
other  shore. 

If  we  carry  with  us  aught  of  the  human  into  that  spirit-land. 
we  may  well  believe,  he  rejoices  in  communion  with  those  illustri 
ous  shadows,  by  whom  on  earth  he  was  loved  and  esteemed. 

In  conclusion,  let  me  say,  Mr.  President,  that  if  as  a  rule,  we 
were  welcome  to  our  side,  we  did  our  level  best  to  make  our 
selves  unwelcome  to  the  other  side.  They  beat  us  in  the  amount 
of  ammunition  burned  ;  and  until  we  had  captured  sufficient  to 
make  up  a  fair  average,  they  excelled  us  in  the  character  of  our 
ordnance ;  but  when  it  came  to  the  point  of  markmanship  and 
execution,  I  believe  our  gunners  always  held  their  own. 


"OUR   NAVY" 

Ready  lor  service  wherever  duty  called  ;  in  the  batteries  at 

Acquia  Creek.  <>r    in  the    breast-works  at  Petersburg  ; 

from  Hampton  Roads  to  Mobile  Hay,  in  the  hour  of 

disaster    not  less    than  in  the  day  of  victory; 

they  added  lustre  to  the  cause  they  loved  ; 

they    made  all  seas    acquainted    with 

our  fla^  :  they  bore  it  farthest  and 

they   lurled  it  last. 

RKSI'ONDKD    TO     BY 

CAPT.  JAMKS  |.  WAIODHLL. 

C.  S.  S.  S.  SHKXAXDOAH. 


MR.  PRKSIDENT  AND  GENTLEMEN: 

Your  honorable  committee  have  paid  me  the  distinguished 
compliment,  by  request,  to  respond  to  that  sentiment,  "Our 
Navy."  To  me,  as  with  all  of  us,  it  is  an  interesting  feature  to 
this  evening  s  entertainment.  A  sailor,  with  his  opportunities, 
hesitates  to  fulfill  the  duty  he  has  undertaken  to  perform,  in 
addressing  an  audience  cultured  in  all  those  branches  of  educa 
tional  refinement  which  develop  and  embellish  the  intellectual 
attributes  of  man.  Mr.  President,  the  theme  of  this  response, 
like  the  flag  it  bore,  though  dead,  yet  will  live;  and  I  shall  talk 
about  these  things  which  occupied  the  thoughts  of  my  boyhood, 
grew  with  my  growth  into  manhood,  and  have  ever  fascinated  my 
understanding. 

The  jjersonnel  of  the  "Navy  <>!  the  Confederate  States"  has 
written  its  history  in  human  gore.  And  I  need  here  not  des 
cant  on  the  odds  it  met.  the  places  where  conflicts  and  results 
occurred,  but  like  its  heroism,  so  has  it  become  history  ;  that  it 
gave  to  the  Naval  powers  of  the  World,  the  armour  plated  fight 
ing  ships.  All  the  powers  of  Kurope,  if  they  would  do  the  hon 
est  thing,  would  pay  Captain  Brooke  a  royalty,  to  say  nothing  of 
the  Government  under  whose  flag  we  must  feel  privileged  to  live, 
and  Ix-  content.  The  illustrious  names  of  "Buchanan"  and  ot 
"Semmcs"  in  themselves  constitute  a  Navy.  Without  such  spirits. 
iron  and  wooden  ships  of  war  mean  nothing  :  it  is  the  inspiration 
ol  the  God-like  soul  which  throws  light  into  such  material,  and 
those  names  go  down  to  coming  generations,  a  people's  pride, 
a  people's  glory,  a  people's  history.  And  Mr.  President,  their 
memories  leave  emulation  panting  behind.  The  cruising  vessels 
of  the  Confederate  States  were-  intended  to  operate  against  the 
enemy's  commerce,  they  were  few.  slightly  built  and  swift,  and 
those  vessels  took  absolute  possession  of  the  waters  of  the  world, 
driving  without  opposition  the  enemy's  mercantile  marine  from 
the  ocean — that  were  so  fortunate  as  to  escape  capture — into  port 
and  even  there,  the  "Gallant  Read"  chased  and  captured  them. 

As  champions  of  a  cause  which  commended  itself,  even  to  those 
whose  political  instincts  it  offended,  tribute  has  been  offered  to 


their  patriotism  and  to  their  country's  chivalry.  No  greater  com- 
plimc-nt  could  be  paid  them  than  the  enemy's  running  abuse  for 
twenty  years.  It  has  been  charged  them  th.it  they  were  content 
with  burning  merchantmen  and  destroying  the  commerce  ot' 
the  enemy,  and  as  they  did  only  what  every  belligerent  povver 
is  most  aml)itious  ot  doin^  to  its  opponent,  the  charge  is  a  (csti- 
wonv  to  then  actiritv  mui  *kill.  They  may  well  be  excused 
tor  usinii  a  weapon  that  then  ( ncmv  had  furnished  them  ;  if />/'/- 
;•<//<•<•/'///(,'  —as  they  still  :»•///  hare  it  was  the  vice  ol  the  Confed 
erates,  then  the  "federals"  are  responsible  tor  having  sanctioned 
it  :  it  it  was  the  one  engine  of  war.  which  harras-ed  them  most, 
then  they  reaped  the  penalty  <  <\  having  labricated  it.  It  is  well 
known  that  when  Kurope  conspired  t"  put  down  the  system. 
America  refused  to  divest  warlare  <»t  i>ne  <  »i  it--  most  cruel  acces 
sions.  Sum  up  the  offense-,  against  civili/ation.  ol  which  both 
sides  were  miiUv.  and  tin n  see  which  is  the  greater  criminal. 
Have  the  people,  w  h<  •  --peak  <  >!  the  (  uptauis  ol  those  cruisers  as 
"Pirates."  ever  heard  ot  the  //////  ot  the  "Florida  ?'  The  led 
eral  ( iov  eminent  distinguished  it  sell  !orm«-i'l  v  in  this  class  oj  trans 
actions.  but  did  never  suppress  the  outrages  m  the  Hra/ilhan 
waters,  on  the  41)1  d  (  )«  tober.  1*04.  I>!<i  it  (vcr  ^i\<-  .1  more 
consjiicui  MIS  e\hibiti<-n  ot  the  (  <  ide  .  .1  law  and  honor  which 
ruled  it.  and  which  its  apoh.^isN  att-  <  t«  <i  to  di-pise  in  then  oj>po 
nents  '  \\'e  all  recollect  the  tal<  ot  treachery.  The  "Florida" 
arriv  ed  .it  Hahia  San  Salv  ador.  <  »n  the  41)1  ol  (  )<  tober,  1.^04.  she  put 
in  tor  a  supply  <  >t  stor«-s  and  i<>al  and  t<>  repair  her  machinery. 
Soon  alter  she  anchored,  a  boat  tame  alongside  and  asked  her 
name.  The  Confederate  ^ave  hi>  rej)l_v  in  all  liouesty.  A  j>erson 
in  the  boat  responded,  "this  boat  is  Inun  Her  Britannic  Majesty  s 
Steamer  Curlew."  The  thiu^  ;.</>  ioit>  u<  .  tor  no  British  man-ol 
war  w  .is  in  port  at  that  tune.  1  he  "Honda  w  as  disco\  ered,  and  in 
a  lew  hours,  m  the  dead  « >t  m^ht,  s< »  historv  ^oes.  her  crew  was 
butchered  and  the  vessel  towed  out  ot  port  and  taken  to  Hamp 
ton  Roads,  where,  we  all  know  how  and  by  whom,  she  was  des 
troyed  that  destruction  was  made  to  avoid  an  honest  restitution. 
The  commander  ot  the  "\Yashusetts"  was  made  a  commodore  lor 
his  sei/ure  of  the  "Florida"  in  neutral  waters.  I  do  not  think  it 
would  have  occurred  in  a  British  or  a  French  port.  It  has  been 
said  it  the  Conk-derate  <  Government  had  bought  more  cruisers 
and  let  the  buildin  of  costlv  tihtini  shis  alone,  a  different 


result  may  have  been  reached  ;  that  I  think  questionable.  To  build 
fighting  ships  abroad  was  an  easy  task,  but  to  get  them  to  sea  and 
i  them  was  a  difficult  one.  Sailors  are  like  other  men,  they 
do  not  relish  the  thought  o!"  having  their  brains  knocked  out  in 
another  man's  tight.  We  depended  on  foreign  sailors,  and  they 
felt  no  interest  in  our  war ;  a  thirst  for  gain  allured  a  few  to 
enlist  in  our  Ocean  service,  and  prize  money  was  the  inducement. 
A  sailor's  devotion  while  serving  in  a  ship  grows,  and  at  mention 
of  her  name  his  heart  warms,  and  he  is  ever  ready  to  defend  her 
honor,  hence  the  restless  impatience  of  the  "Alabama's"  crew  to 
engage  the  "Kearsarge." 

What  else,  except  the  sailor's  Ix-liel,  in  the  life  of  ships,  makes 
the  parallel  between  ship's  lives  and  men's  life,  so  pleasant  and 
constant  a  fable  ?  as  on  land,  so  on  sea.  you  have  them  of  all  sorts. 
There  is  the  national  ship,  proud,  stately,  warlike.  There  is  tin 
great  merchantman,  rich,  solid,  busy.  There  is  the  fat.  bustling 
trader,  toiling  up  and  down  the  coast  with  coals  or  cattle  or  pro 
duce.  There  are  the  graceful,  lively,  gaily  dressed  pleasure  craft, 
yachts  and  dispatch  boats,  tht  ladies  of  the  sea.  There  are  the 
industrious,  disregarded  "smacks"  and  "pungies"  working  hard  for 
every  inch  of  luck  they  get  and  taking  the  weather  pretty  much 
as  it  comes,  which  nobody  counts,  and  nobody  cares  for.  And 
the  reason  why  a  ship's  fate  affects  you  so  much,  is  always  the 
sailor's  reason.  When  we  see  a  great  vessel  rolling  lonely  at  sea, 
her  mast  gone,  her  gear  loose  and  adrift,  and  sheets  of  foaming  sea 
pouring  in  and  out  of  her  helpless  sides;  who  wants  the  fable  ex 
plained?  Many  such  a  <  ratt.  once  proud  and  capable,  wallows 
among  the  screaming  sea  birds  of  destiny,  upon  the  waters  of  life. 

Practical  and  imaginative  people  may  say  what  difference  does 
it  make  to  the  ship  ?  but  no  sailor  will  listen  to  that.  Loquacious 
theorists  have  declared,  that  naval  supremacy  is  due  to  a  pronoun, 
we  call  the  ship  "the"  and  other  tongues  call  a  ship  "//."  "She" 
implies  that  the  ship  "carries  us"  and  in  some  manner,  alive,  as  a 
sailor  in  his  heart  privately  believes— or  why  does  he  talk  about 
her  foot,  her  waist,  her  head,  her  dimity,  as  the  graceful  thing 
floats  on  the  surface  of  the  wean  ?  There  is  life  in  the  craft,  from 
the  time  she  leaves  the  "ways"  into  the  tide,  to  the  hour  when  her 
timbers  are  laid  on  the  sand  or  rocks,  or  the  saddest  of  all,  in  the 
ship  breaker's  yard.  The  most  of  the  iron  plated  vessel  is,  that 
the  black,  ugly  armour  has  no  such  vitality,  and  cannot  be 


christened  with  the  pretty  old  fashioned  names  which  helped  the 

sailor's  superstition  out.  \Ve  cannot  ans\\er  lor  such  hideous 
monsters,  they  are  created  out  ot  dull  mineral,  which  came  from 
the  bowels  of  the  earth,  and  should  they  not  all  come  to  jjriel 
like  the  "Monitor?  '  The  "Blacksmith."  u  ill  some  day  have  toturn 
them  into, /My  iiHi//>aMs,  iron  railings  and  /><»///•/•. v.  but  Mr.  Presi 
dent,  the  timber  of  the  wooden  ship  i;reu  in  the  sunlight,  it  waved 
in  the  forest  and  heard  the  \\  inds  sin^.  before  bending  to  the  breeze 
under  topsails. 


14  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 


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